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Eratosthenes a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist was born in Cyrene, Libya
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Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth by recognizing the curvature of the Earth and knowing the distance between the two cities enabled Eratosthenes to calculate the planet’s circumference
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Eratosthenes tested a hypothesis using the well at Syene and pole at Alexandria to see if the Sun was directly overhead of the well, but was proven that the Sun is not directly overhead of the well by him
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene dies in Alexandria, Egypt due to starvation
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Claudius Ptolemy a famous Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer born in Hermiou, Egypt.
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Ptolemy introduced this view stated that the Earth was the center of the Universe
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Ptolemy's in Alexandria, Egypt
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Nicolaus Copernicus is a Polish astronomer was born in Torun, Poland.
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Copernicus circulates his Little Commentary introducing the heliocentric model.
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Copernicus completes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres but waits before publishing it.
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Copernicus dies in Frombork, Poland due to a stroke.
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Tycho Brahe a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations, born in the then Danish, peninsula of Scania
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Francis Bacon an English Renaissance statesman and philosopher, best known for his promotion of the scientific method was born in London, England
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Brahe published his recorded observation, a conjunction, or overlapping, of Jupiter and Saturn
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Galileo Galilei is a famous astronomer, physicist, and engineer born in Pisa, Italy.
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Johannes Kepler a German astronomer who discovered three major laws of planetary motion, was born in Weil der Stadt, Germany
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René Descartes a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist was born in Descartes, France
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Witnessed a Supernova which challenged the claim that no change could take place in the heavens.
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Brahe hired Johannes Kepler as his assistant, which was when Kepler proved that the planets move in elliptical with the help of Brahe's observations
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Brahe died in Prague, Czechia due to kidney failure
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Bacon rejected Aristotle's view that said there was specific truth to every discipline, however Bacon went against that saying that things should be proven through experiments
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Kepler proposed that close packing (either cubic or hexagonal close packing, both of which have maximum densities of ) is the densest possible sphere packing, and this assertion is known as the Kepler conjecture
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Kepler's three laws of planetary motion can be stated as follows: (1) All planets move about the Sun in elliptical orbits, having the Sun as one of the foci(3) The squares of the sidereal periods (of revolution) of the planets are directly proportional to the cubes of their mean distances from the Sun
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Bacon released his book Novum Organum which contained the method we know now as "The Scientific Method", this method were to replace the methods put forward in Aristotle's Organon
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Bacon died in Highgate, London due to pneumonia
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Kepler died in Regensburg, Germany due to illness
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John Locke an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism" was born in Wrington, United Kingdom
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Descartes believed that you should not trust something until you see it proven by math or logic. However, he thinks that if he is thinking than he is living
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Descartes was a person who questioned whether anything can be known with certainty, he went so in depth with that so he questioned whether we know if anything is actually real, and these thoughts are known as cartesian skepticism
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Passes away in Florence, Italy due to a high fever.
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Isaac Newton a famous mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author was born at Woolsthorpe Manor in Lincolnshire, England.
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Descartes dies in Stockholm, Sweden due to pneumonia
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Witnessed Jupiter's moons which challenged Ptolemy's theory.
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Newton published his book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, which was proved to be one of the most influential works in the history of science. In its pages, Newton asserted the three Laws of Motion, elaborated Johannes Kepler’s Laws of Motion, and stated the Law of Universal Gravitation.
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Locke published this idea of empiricism which states that we are born not knowing anything and that we gain knowledge from what we learn
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Locke agreed with descartes that although we think something is true, how do we know for sure that it is true ; he also believes in primary and secondary qualities ; primary qualities are qualities that physical objects themselves have (solidity, mass, density, width, figure, mobility) ; secondary qualities are not real, only in our minds (the color, taste, sound, texture, smell)
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Locke died in High Lver, United Kingdom due to bad health
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Newton was made a knight by Queen Anne.
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Newton dies in London, England in his sleep
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Dmitri Mendeleev a famous Russian chemist and inventor, mainly known for building the periodic table, born in Tobolsk, Siberia, Russia.
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Mendeleev publishes textbook, Organic Chemistry, which wins the prestigious Demidov Prize
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Marie Curie a famous Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist was born in Warsaw, Poland.
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Henrietta Leavitt a famous American astronomer was born in Lancaster, Ma.
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Mendeleev devised the periodic table of elements
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Alfred Wegener a German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist was born in Berlin, Germany.
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Edwin Hubble a famous American astronomer was born in Marshfield, Missouri.
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Curie Announces discovery of radium and polonium.
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Leavitt discovers 2400 Cepheid variable stars and develops her period-luminosity theory.
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Wegener received a PhD in astronomy from the University of Berlin
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Harry Hammond Hess a geologist and a United States Navy officer in World War II was born in New York, New York.
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Mendeleev dies in St. Petersburg, Russia due to the flu.
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Curie receives second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry.
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Leavitt publishes a table of 25 different Cepheid variable periods.
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Wegener published this text, which included his claim that about 300 million years ago, the continents formed a single mass that he labeled “Pangaea,” a Greek word meaning “whole Earth"
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Leavitt dies in Cambridge, Ma due to stomach cancer.
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Alfred Wegener died in Clarentania, Greenland due to heart failure.
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Curie dies in Savoy, France due to leukemia.
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Hubble helps design the Hale Telescope On Mount Palomar in California.
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Hubble discovers asteroid 1373 Cincinnati.
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Hubble dies in San Marino, California due to heart attack.
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Harry Hess published this theory stating that the Earth’s crust had been moving away on each side of oceanic ridges, down the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, that were long and volcanically active, which was called "seafloor spreading".
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Harry Hess died in Woods Hole, Massachusetts due to a heart attack.