Berlin to Sarajevo Timeline

By hanna.hajzer

  • Dual Alliance

    • Published by Bismarck in 1885 to stop war from breaking out between Russia and Austria-Hungary
    • Russia realized that if they would attack, Bismarck would come and help their Austrian neighbors
    • If Austria-Hungary would be the aggressor, they would have to fight Russia alone
    • Neither of the countries was ready for a war at the time so the tension relaxed

  • The Bulgarian Crisis

    • Bulgaria was resenting Russian interference
    • Eastern Rumelia proclaimed union with Bulgaria
    • Bulgarian parliament offered the throne for German Catholic, Prince Ferdinand
    • Russia opposed the appointment

  • The Armenian Massacres

    • 2 million of Armenia's Orthodox Christians were ruled by Muslim Turks
    • Turks persecuted Armenians for their faith
    • Uprising in 1894 caused Turks to massacre the Christians (lasted 2 years, until 1896)

  • Revolt in Crete

    • Crete was inhabited by Greeks but was ruled by Turks
    • The Greeks revolted in May 1896
    • Greece declared a war on Turkey
    • The Turkish won the war

  • Crete is self-governed

  • The Young Turks

    • Nationalist group who supported liberal constitution
    • Forced the Sultan to introduce these reforms

  • Austria-Hungary takes over Bosnia

    • Austria- Hungary takes over Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Serb nationalist are frustrated because of that
    • Germany supports Astria-Hungary against Serbs

  • New Sultan in Turkey

    • Sultan attempts an unsuccessful counter-coup against the Young Turks (nationalist group)
    • Sultan gets replaced with his brother

  • The First Balkan War

    • Turkish persecution was renewed after the fall of the Young Turks
    • The Balkan League was formed between Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Greece
    • They wanted to get rid of the Turks in Europe and declare war on Turkey

  • Crete becomes a part of Greece

  • Turks are driven out of Europe

    • By 1913 the Balkan League successfully drove out the Turks from Europe
    • Little more than Constantinpole was left inTurkish hands

  • The Treaty of London

    • Austria demanded that Serbia and Montenegro leave from the Adriatic coast
    • New independent state was created: Albania
    • Serbia became landlocked
    • Constantinople and Dardanelles were left for Turkey
    • The remaining part of the land that Turkey possessed was divided between Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria

  • The Second Balkan War

    • War between the members of the Balkan League
    • Bulgaria was unhappy with the terms of the Treaty of London so they attacked Serbia in June 1913
    • Greeks and Romanians helped the Serbs
    • Bulgarians didn;t have good odds so they agreed to end the fighting
    • The Treaty of Bucharest was signed which meant the loss of large areas of Bulgaria to Serbia, Greece, Romania and Turkey

  • Serbian Nationalism

    • Serbia doubles in size
    • They encourage Slavs to seek independence
    • Austria-Hungary now knows that they will have to suppress this nationalism or their multi-racial empire will be destroyed

  • Treaty of Lausanne

    _ Treaty between Turkey and the Allies
    - Turkey gives up all claims to the former European territories of the Ottoman Empire