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The third caliphate to succeed Muhammad, this empire dominated the Middle-East. Scholars traveled to the House of Wisdom at the empires capital, Baghdad. They are best known for preserving and translating ancient Greek texts, creating Algebra, and being tolerant of Christians. Their power declined following Seljuk and Mongol invasions.
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This Southeast Asian empire thrived on rivers and irrigation systems instead of maritime power. Originally Hindu the country would eventually convert to Buddhism, creating magnificent temple in the capital, Angkor Thom.
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Early Indian kingdom in Southern India
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Best known for expanding the Grand Canal, creating the first guns, and benefiting from the Silk Road. A common practice during this dynasty was foot binding, which coincided with the Confucian practice with filial piety.
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The largest religious monument in the world was constructed in the early 12th century under the rule of Khmer King Suryavarman II. Originally a Hindu temple, it would evolve into a Buddhist temple. -
From the conquests of Genghis Khan to the Fall of Constantinople
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Islamic scholar during the Abbasid golden age in Baghdad's House of Wisdom. He made several contributions to astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and medicine. -
The last major Crusade, instead of attacking the Holy Land, Venetians convinced the Crusaders to attack Constantinople who owed them money and was a Mediterranean trade competitor. -
Elected by the Mongolian chieftains in 1206, Genghis began his conquest of Asia from 1210-1227. His descendants would continue the conquest of Russia, Iraq, and China. -
This Islamic Empire dominated northern India for three centuries and prevented Mongolian expansion. The sultanate never created an organized government and were consistently resented for imposing the jizya, a tax against non-Muslims.
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Also known as the Great Charter, the English barons forced King John to sign the document which guaranteed the people certain rights, such as trial by jury. -
Under the leadership of Batu, this Mongolian army conquered Russia and sacked Kiev. They established a tribute system which lasted till Ivan the great defeated them in 1480 -
Originally ethic Turkish slaves who served as soldiers for Arabs, Mamluks eventually seized the Egyptian government and created an economically prosperous empire based on cotton and sugar.
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This Venetian merchant extensively traveled throughout Asia and wrote a captivating description of Kublai Khan's China. -
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At the height of its power, this Java kingdom had 98 tributaries due to its control of sea routes (especially the straights of Malacca).
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Written by Dante Alighieri, this book was not only written in Italian vernacular, but describes heaven, hell, and purgatory. It was also a criticism of corruption in the Catholic Church. -
The Aztec capital was built on a island in Lake Texcoco. The home to nearly 200,000 people consisted of pyramids, aqueducts, chinampas, and irrigation systems. -
This hunter-gatherer tribe settled in modern day Mexico City, where they created an empire by conquering the surrounding tribes and establishing a tribute system. They are famous for Chinampas (floating gardens), art, fashion, and human sacrifice. They were defeated by the Spanish conquistador, Hernan Cortes
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Known as the father of historiography (the study of historical writing). The Muqaddimah is his most famous work. -
This south Indian empire began when the Delhi Sultanate sent two brothers to expand its territory in India. This Hindu kingdom is best known for their urbanization.
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This war between England and France was fought over hereditary rights to the French throne. Famous for the English longbow, Henry V and Joan of Arc, this war decimated northern France, but led to French re-unification and victory over the English.
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This South American empire was formed through the conquests of Pachacuti. They are best known for their terraces and cities in the mountains, as well as the Carpa Nan (roadway system). Instead of a tribute system, this civilization had the Mit'a system, which required civil labor from its citizens.
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The Age of Exploration, Gunpowder Empires, and Colonial period
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Mehmed II and the Ottomans complete their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and capture Constantinople -
Gutenberg prints the Bible using his printing press; This changes the access to literature. -
Famous female Sufi poet, best known for "Clear Inspiration, on Praise of the Trusted One." Sufism is a branch of Islam that focused introspective truths and mysticism. -
Funded by the Spanish monarchs, Isabella & Ferdinand, Columbus sails west in hopes of finding India. Instead, he found the Bahamas -
Mira Bai was a Hindu mystic who wrote poems during the Bhakti Movement in India. This movement focused on emotion within the spiritual life instead of studying religious texts. This approach to religion is similar to Sufi Muslims -
Major war of religion between Catholics and Protestants in Europe resulting in the Peace of Westphalia
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Revolutions
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Typically divided into two revolutions:
1st: 1760-1870 Textiles & Railroads
2nd: 1870-1914 Steel & Mechanization -
This publication by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels highlighted the issues of the Bourgeoisie and called for the Proletariat to rise up. -
Led by Otto von Bismarck, this conference established the Scramble for Africa. -
Global conflict and decolonization
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From the Assassination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914 to the Armistice in 1918
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From the Invasion of Poland in 1939 to VE & VJ day in 1945
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The Cold War is a era of indirect conflicts between the US & USSR from the Truman Doctrine to the fall of the Soviet Union.