-
40,000 BCE
Bering land bridge
The Bering Landbridge is thought to have been a link between North America and Asia. Currently, the two continents are split by the Bering Strait. The bridge is thought to have existed during the Ice Age. -
27,000 BCE
Three Major Waves
Three major waves in which cultures and people settled.
Wave one is believed to have happened 27,000 years ago and brought glaciers and Clovis points.
Wave two is believed to have happened 8,000 years ago, ancestors of modern SW natives.
Wave three is believed to have happened 5,000 years ago, thought to have brought the ancestors of artic natives' culture -
Period: 1400 BCE to
Beginnings To Exploration
More expansion and the beginning of new settlements. -
476 BCE
Rome
United Europe for the first time ever.
Rome was first to introduce Roman Law which became a main form of governmet for years.
Rome fell on 476 A.D.
The Barbarian attacks on Rome stemmed from a mass migration due to invasions from German tribes. These constant attacks and invasions is what led to the fall of Rome. -
476 BCE
Dark Ages
Backward time for Europe, no higher learning was practiced and there was a weak economy. There was complete cultural/ educational domination by the Catholic church during this time period. The citizens were kept ignorant in order to make it easier to control. -
1343
The black death
The black death, also known as the plague, wiped out entire villages and killed over 25 million people. It killed about 40-50% of Europe's population. The plague not only greatly depopulated europe but also set the stage for a mew society "merchant society", as well as a new ecnomy. -
1400
Aztecs- Caste System
The Aztec's caste system was a strict social hierarchy. In the system, you belonged to a class from birth. However, it was possible to move up through marriage or through bravery in battle.
The caste system from highest stance to lowest was as follows:
-Nobles
-Commoners
-Serfs or Slaves
The priests had a system all of their own and were expected to follow certain rules. If a priest drank alcohol it meant severe punishment, maybe even death. -
1440
Printing press
The printing press was created by Johan Gutenberg in 1440. The printing press quickly replicated and spread literary works. It forever transformed Europe and the world. The printing press caused a drop of prices which in turn led to the first newspapers being published. -
1492
Colombian Exchange- Disease
Before American lands were discovered by Europeans the original settlers had not suffered many of the diseases the Europeans did. As a result, the immune systems were more prone to disease. The spread of disease swept through the continent and killed about 90% of Native Americans. -
1493
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was a great navigator. He took 4 voyages to the new world. Columbus believed the shortest route to Asia was west, which meant he thought the world was about 4 times smaller than it is. At first, the king and queen didn't want to fund the voyage but eventually, Elizabeth did fund it. -
1517
Martin Luther
Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses and spoke out about the church's indulgences and how he believes it isn't right. He writes the 95 Theses in Wittenberg, Germany.He started the protestant reformation. He was protected by German princes. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were designed to regulate colonial trade and allowed England to collect taxes. It required all goods to be transported on English or Colonial American ships. There were additional acts passed. It also required limited dutch trade. -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect was a term used for a British crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of laws in the colonies, the British wanted to avoid dealing with colonial conflicts. The British would just let the colonists be and this contributed to an emergence of the colonists own identity. They began to self-govern themselves and decided to revolt once they realized that with the help of the French, they could defeat the British. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Middle passage
The middle passage was a part of the slave trade. Due to a higher demand for slaves during the 18th century, slaves were densely packed on ships. Less than 10% of slaves came directly from the mainland and more than 10% of slaves died on the voyage. Slaves would first be "conditioned" to physical labor. -
Puritans
Puritans were reformers who sought to purify the church of England from its Catholic practices. They believed holland too corrupt and thought children were becoming too Dutch. They later became known as pilgrims (spiritual quest). -
Roger Williams
Roger Williams was an English reformer, a puritan, and later became a Baptist. He was He was expelled by the Puritan leaders because officials thought that he was spreading "new and dangerous ideas". He is known for founding Rhode Island and advocating separation of church and state. Rhode Island became a safe haven for many religous minorities. -
The Atlantic slave trade
It was an inter African slave trade and a new source of labor for Europeans. It increased in the late 1600's with Spain, Portugal, and Holland leading the trade. By the 1700's Britain became the leading and largest trading union. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
Things were very simplistic and luxury goods were scarce. Evolution began. -
Charter Colonies (New York)
New York was originally founded as a British proprietary colony by The Duke of York and it later became a Royal colony. As one of the thirteen colonies New York worked with the other colonies to found the United States and gain independence. -
English Bill of Rights
William and Mary will sign. The bill excluded Catholics from the Monarchy. It protected the basic rights of the people such as no excessive bail and no cruel or unusual punishment. It also made arms (weapons) suitable for defense and regulated by Parliment (for Protestants). It had a huge impact on colonial governance and future problems as well. Colonists became self ruled and used militias for defense. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of prosecutions where people were accused of witchcraft. There was lots of paranoia and people would accuse others with no evidence yet those accused would still be arrested and examined. -
Acts of Union (1707)
The Acts of Union in 1707 unified Scotland and the United Kingdom. It made New Britain an Empire with parliament as the head of the Empire. Colonies still had local control and used a federal system with a central authority and local governments which paved the way for the modern U.S. system of government -
American Enlightment
The American enlightenment was a sudden surge in advancements for reason and science. Prior to the enlightenment science was thought of as superstition, it became normal thinking. People began to question all pre-conceived notions. It was an important part of history because people started to break apart from ignorance and began thinking for themselves which led to great things years after. -
The Great Awakening
The great awakening was a reaction to the secularism of the enlightenment and it took place from 1730-1770. One of the leaders was John Edwards, he was concerned by oriented society. He once said "people are like spiders hanging over a pit of damnation. Many people were scared into religion. It left a permanent impact on American Protestantism. -
George Whitfield
The first inter-colonial event was by preacher George Whitfield who was preaching the gospel. There was a greater choice in choosing congregations for spiritual needs. Ordinary people were given a voice and the religious order became fractured. He preached a series of revivals that later became known as the Great Awakening. -
Treaty of Paris 1763
The treaty of Paris 1763 was an important part of history. It ended the French and Indian war, also known as the seven years war. Along with an end to the war, it also ended French rule in North America. The end of French rule led to a new ruler. The new ruler was Britain -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
The Revolutionary War was a war for U.S. independence. It started with the battle of Lexington and Concord which started off as a skirmish in itself. Within a year colonists were waging a full-scale war for their independence. France entered the war on the colonist's side and it went from a civil war to an international war. At the battle of Yorktown, the colonists were able to force the British to surrender with the help of the French and end the war. -
Stamp Act
The stamp act was required on all paper and was harsher than previous laws on paper. Britain had a similar tax already. This act mainly affected lawyers and printers. This act led to 9 of 13 colonies to send representatives and protests erupted. -
Declaratory Act
The declaratory act was a declaration by British parliament that said they would remove the stamp act on the condition that the declaratory act replaced it. On March 18th, 1766 the stamp act was repealed and the declaratory act was passed. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston tea party was a political protest by the sons of liberty in defiance of the tea act. The protestors dressed as native Americans and boarded ships filled with tea, they dumped the tea into the Boston harbor. The British responded with the Intolerable Acts also known as coercive acts. The Boston tea party was a major event which led up to the American Revolution. -
Battle of Lexington
The redcoats met militia in Lexington. The famous "shot heard around the world" started the battle as British marched to Concord. The British met much better organized militias that used guerilla warfare tactics. The battle was a significant victory for the colonists. -
Common Sense- Thomas Paine
Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. Common sense was published on January 10, 1776. The aim was to encourage and persuade colonists to push for an egalitarian government. It spread quickly and became an all-time best selling title. It was fuel for the big changes to come. -
The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson was charged with writing the draft, and it was completed July 2, 1776, but signed July 4. It listed most grievances against British. It avoided anti-monarchal sentiment. The declaration was a big help sign; help for whenever it was needed, it called out for European allies. -
New Strategy for Washington
During the war for independence, Washington came up with a new strategy. His new goal was not to defeat the British but instead to avoid total defeat. He turned it into a war of attrition. Washington would use guerilla warfare against the British. Small companies of men would hide behind trees and ambush the British, killing the commanders and leaving the scene. -
The Articles of Confederation
The articles of confederation were created November 15th, 1777. The AOC lacked many key features which make up a strong government and people pushed for changes. There was a split between changing some things in the AOC and completely replacing it. The AOC was eventually ratified March 1, 1781. -
American Virtue
American virtue celebrated the ideals of Republicans. It involved everyday citizens although not everyone could vote at the time. Citizens began to become educated along with children. Teachers came into play as well. Republican ideals spread such as:
Unique styles
Architecture
Furniture
NO British styles -
Period: to
The Constitution
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New Jersey Plan
The new jersey plan was made as a response to the Virginia plan and presented at the constitutional convention by William Paterson. The new jersey plan was built on equal representation of each state regardless of population as opposed to the Virginia plan which largely benefited the states with higher population. -
The Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan was for largely populated states. The plan supported getting rid of the AOC and wanted to give federal government more power than the states. It would have only 1 leader (president), a judiciary branch, and two house legislatures; a lower house where people voted and an upper house for the Senate. It benefited highly populated states because it suggested population-based representation. It was led by Alexander Hamilton. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The treaty of Paris 1783 officially ended the revolutionary war. It recognized the United States as an independent and sovereign nation. The treaty restored loyalist properties and established the northern border with British North America/ Canada. Both nations will have access to the Mississipi River. It was started September of 1783 but was not effective until May of 1784. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays rebellion was a post-war recession and was bad for everyone. Farms were seized and farmers started to rebel. The rebellion was led by Daniel Shay who led revolutionary war veterans and began to spread the word of rebellion. Although the rebellion was put down, it created a sense of urgency and caused leaders to be on board with the change. -
Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut plan was a compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey plan. It was also known as the great compromise or Sherman compromise. It was a compromise reached during the constitutional convention.
It included:
modern-day Congress
bi-cameral legislature
House of representatives
Senate- New Jersey Plan (Two per State)
The compromise paved the way for the constitution to be formed. -
Period: to
New Republic
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French revolution
The French revolution was seen as an extension of revolution in Europe, it started due to many people starving. The French overthrew the monarchy and executed the king. America found itself involved in European affairs after Britain impounded 250 American merchant ships while they traded with France. -
Bank of the United States
The bank of the United States was a controversial topic but it eventually passed and was established with Alexander Hamilton as it's founder. The bank was Alexander Hamilton's "baby". It was a depository with private investors. It made loans and stabilized the currency and economy. -
Cotton Gin
Slavery was on the decline up until the cotton gin's invention. The cotton gin turned it around and created a huge demand for slaves. It could quickly separate the seeds from the cotton. Farmers were looking for a way to make cotton more profitable and the cotton gin was their answer. The amount of cotton yielded doubled each decaede. -
Jay's Treaty
Jay's Treaty a British treaty created in the year 1795 by John Jay which also wrote the federalist papers.The British agreed to vacate forts and Republicans were outraged. The Republicans began to see the British as pro-federalists. Although it was very unpopular, it was important because it averted what could have been a major war. -
Pickney's Treaty
Pickney's Treaty established friendship between Spain and the United States. It settled one phase of a border dispute between the two countries. Thomas Pickney negotiated the treaty with Spain the treaty was ratified by the United States on March 7, 1796. -
Washington's Farewell Address
Washington's farewell address was a letter written by George Washington, it was meant for "friends and fellow citizens". With his second term coming to an end, he prepared it to state he would not run a third time. Two terms was it; Washington also stated that he wanted the U.S. to avoid conflicts and to avoid "permanent alliances". He said that temporary alliances were ok. He said the U.S. should take advantage of their isolated position and focus on their own affaris. -
XYZ Affair
Americans diplomats were sent to France July 1797 to negotiate problems that could possibly result in an all-out war. Agents of the French foreign prime minister demanded bribes and loans before a meeting of negotiations could be set up. The diplomats were very offended and left without formally negotiating. There was a storm after news got out to American citizens who began to blame officials. One diplomat (Elbridge Gerry), however, did stay back and lay some groundwork for negotiations. -
Alien & Sedition Acts
Naval war threats were happening with France involved. There was an increase in the military. The alien act made it more difficult to become a citizen and gave massive power in deporting citizens. The sedition act made it a crime to say bad things against the U.S. or the president. The sedition act was used against republicans by federalists. -
Kentucky Resolutions
The Kentucky resolutions were an idea of Jefferson. Kentucky along with Virginia took the position that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The Kentucky resolutions allowed states to nullify unconstitutional and void laws. Constitution is a compact among states. -
Shakers
Shakers or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing were celibate and communistic. They believed in equality among sexes and rejected domesticity. They don't believe in marriage or procreation. Since they didnt procreate they died out. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson was afraid napoleon would back out of the offer. There was no time to amend the Constitution. Jefferson bought the land for less than 3 cents an acre and will secure the Mississippi River with the purchase as well as double the size of the Nation. The land cost about 15 million dollars total. -
Lewis & Clark Expedition
Lewis was secretary to Jefferson and was the leader of the expedition. Clark was an army officer with experience in map making. They start near St. Louis in May 1804. They set sail up the Mississippi River in keelboats and negotiated treaties with the Natives. Their primary objective was to explore the new territory and find a practical route across the western half, their second objective was for scientific and economic benefits. The expedition takes 2.5 years. -
The Duel (Bohr vs Hamilton)
Hamilton was former secretary of treasury and Burr was VP. They had a duel, duels were illegal but were common. Hamilton aimed and shot above Burr's head; Hamilton aimed to miss. Burr shot Hamilton and fatally wounded him. Burr later became an outlaw. -
War of 1812
Many in the U.S. wanted war with the British with impressment being a big issue. The British fire on the U.S.S. Chesapeake and the U.S. react. The British navy was still very powerful when a declaration of war was signed by James Madison. The U.S. takes on a land-based strategy. British beat back Americans from Canada and blockade American ports. The British take Washington D.C. and burn the white house in 1814. In the end, the war was a draw and solved no diplomatic issues. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Panic of 1819
The panic of 1819 is known as one of the worst recessions in American history, even worse than the great depression. It was fueled economic suspension. Economy went into a tailspin as agriculture prices collapsed and banks failed. -
Adams-Onis Treaty
The Adams-onis treaty was a treaty between Spain and the U.S., it ceded Florida to the United States and defined the boundary between the two countries. It settled a dispute between the two countries and Spain got rid of land they could not afford to hold due to an insufficient amount of money. -
Free black communities
Free black communities were largest in the North and Midwest. Segregation was very active in the north and blacks dealt with lots of discrimination and prejudice. There was lots of competition for jobs and hostilities rose as blacks were accused of taking jobs away from whites. -
The Second Great Awakening
The second great awakening began around 1800 and picked up around 1820. The awakening emphasized religious romanticism (aesthetically pleasing).
Emotional & Supernatural
Nature
Rejecting Secularism and deism
Morality was taken over by economics and politics -
Revivalism
Revivalism was the belief of free will. Charles Grandison Finneywas a leader in the second great awakening and is known as the father of modern revivalism. There was revivalism of religion. The market revolution was bad. People took advantage of printing even though they disliked industrialism. -
Education
During the second great awakening, there were many changes to education. Before the awakening, kids were used as a tool in farms and used to contribute money. After the awakening...
Grades were assigned to students
Textbooks and instruction
Compulsory Attendance
There was backlash to this as people feared of higher taxes and labor issues. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny was a notion of the U.S., the belief that the United States was destined to be a continental nation. Many believed this and it led to the great migration which in turn led to many other things such as Mormon migration and the oregon trail. Fur trade on the western frontier made huge profits and was dominated by America up until beavers almost go extinct. The fashion changes and fur trade goes even further into decline. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was designed by Henry Clay and it set up a balance between free and slave states. It drew an imaginary line at 36°30' latitude (boundary slave & free). The states above the line were free and those below would be slave states. It was only a temporary solution and slavery would have to be dealt with eventually. It guarantees future conflict. -
Election of 1824
There was no picked successor. There were 4 candidates:
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
William Crawford
Henry Clay
Jackson regretted not hanging Henry Clay. Jackson won the popular vote but not the electoral college. The election goes to the house of representatives. Adams is chosen and Jackson became angry and bitter. Jackson's supporters denounce it as a corrupt bargain. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Stephen F. Austin
Stephen Austin took over Texas after his father died. Stephen is known as the father of Texas. His dad was given a grant to settle 300 families but after his death, it was given to Stephen. Stephen F. Austin settled 300 American families. The settlers in Texas were unhappy with the Mexican government and after Stephen tried to reach a conciliation with the Mexican government but the dislike of the mexican government later escalated into a war for the independence of Texas. -
Texas- Land Grants
Land grants were being given in Texas. Americans quickly came to settle. There were conditions for settling which were:
Become Catholic
learn Spanish
get rid of slaves
Although there were conditions for settling, they were not enforced so nobody stopped someone from settling if they didn't meet the requirements. The Americans soon outnumbered the Hispanics in Texas. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Spanish empire is crumbling. Spanish colonies go to being separate and different countries. The U.S. wanted influence over these new areas and declared to Europe, no intervention in Latin America. It was a warning to Europe stating that the U.S. would not tolerate any further colonization or affairs in the western hemisphere. -
Democrats
Democrats were egalitarian (for white men). They were suspicious of large government and supported private property. Democrats favored state rights (like south) and wanted to obtain more land (Manifest Destiny). They thought individual states needed to guide economics, not central government. -
First police forces
The first police forces were not truly the first police force, but they were the first to deal with citizen's issues. Tensions were high between races and they needed to be dealt with. -
Whigs
The Whigs favored a strong central government. They defended minority rights. They were against slavery and had a populist style politics (anti-masonic) platform to stand on. -
Abolitionists- Gradualism and Immediatism
Gradualism:
Freeing slaves gradually to Africa.
Liberia- Capital is Monroeria.
Never popular with African Americans.
Immediatism:
Immediate end to slavery. -
Temperance Movement
Temperance was the abstain from alcohol. The alcohol consumption was at an all-time high (like the opioid crisis). People drank all day. Women supported it because husbands would come home drunk and beat them. The Temperance Movement dramatically reduced alcohol consumption. -
Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion
Nat Turner's slave rebellion was the largest slave uprising in American history, 55 to 65 people were killed. Turner hid for more than 2 months after the rebellion and survived. Many slaves and free African Americans were accused and killed. The rebellion caused mobs to go out and kill enslaved and free African Americans. The rebellion later led to the state legislatures in the south to pass laws prohibiting educating African Americans, enslaved and free -
Underground railroad
The underground railroad consisted of a series of safe houses and people which helped aid slaves in their escape from slavery in the south. The slaves who ran away from the south were usually on their own until they got further up north. After the fugitive slave act was passed, many slaves were headed to Canada instead. -
Election of 1836- Democrats and Whigs
Martin Van Buren ran for election, he had the nickname (Old Kinderhook) "OK". Van Buren barely won the election against the Whigs. Van Buren inherited a bad economy after becoming president. Panic of 1837 he was known as "Martin Van Ruin". -
Trail of Tears
Two years notice was given to have Native Americans out of the land and sent to Oklahoma. Two years after the notice was given, 4,000 soldiers forced natives to leave in the middle of winter. Thousands died relocating to Indian territory. The trail the Native Americans took to relocate became known as the trail of tears. -
Election of 1840
The election of 1840 was Democrats vs. Whigs. Van Buren runs for re-election. General William Henry Harrison (Whig) was a common man. Whigs spread rumors about Van Buren saying he was a pervert. Whigs will get women to influence the vote of their husbands. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana
Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana was a general in the war for Mexicos independence. After Mexico gained its independence, Santa Ana was elected president and he later made himself a dictator. He banned newspapers and imprisoned dissidents to avoid a rebellion. The people revolted and he sent forces to stop it. The treasury was drained and so he imposed higher taxes but it only raised opposition. He stepped down and fled after but was captured by Indians and sent back where he exiled to Cuba. -
James K. Polk
James K. Polk ran for the election of 1844. The election of 1844 included Henry Clay (Whig) and James K. Polk (Democrat). Polk was called Young Hickory, his 3 main goals were:
to annex Texas
settle Oregon with Britain
settle the Mexican border
He won the election with the help of the liberty party. Once he comes into office Texas has already been annexed. He sends diplomats to discuss buying SW from Mexico. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was made to abolish slavery in any land acquired as a result of the Mexican war. It caused a political firestorm and was one of the main events which led to the American Civil War. The bill passed the house but was later defeated in Congress. It split Democrats and Whigs into pro-slavery and free-soil factions. Arguments over slavery continued until the compromise of 1850 -
Brigham Young
Brigham Young was Joseph Smith's successor. After Smith was killed by a mob in jail Brigham Young became the leader of the Mormons. Mormons were being discriminated against and some were even killed. He wanted to get away and so he led the Mormons to Salt Lake Valley, Utah. He relocated away from the federal government. Once he was there he began to practice polygamy. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls convention was held in New York 1848. It was held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Matt. About 300 men and women went. Declaration of sentiments and resolutions. Secure rights in economics and voting. The media was mostly negative. The convention was a cornerstone. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Fugitive slave act
The fugitive slave act required runaway slaves to be returned to the south. Many northerners were angered. It was very imprecise and anyone who looked remotely similar to the supposed runaway slave could be captured and returned to the south to be a slave. -
Election of 1852
The election of 1852 included Franklin Pierce as a Democrat and a member of young America as well as Winfield Scott who ran as a Whig. Franklin Pierce wins by a landslide. The Whig party begins to fall apart after an overwhelming defeat combined with the internal tensions over slavery. Although the Whig party did die out it did not result in an ultimate dominance by the Democrats as they were dominated by the new Republican party. -
Uncle Toms Cabin
The book features the life of a slave whose life is filled with misery and nothing but work. It was a story that touched millions and lit a fire for abolitionists. There a was a response called Aunt Phillis's Cabin which was propoganda dipicting the life of a slave as great. -
John Brown's Raid
John Brown believed god called on him to destroy slavery. He wanted to invade the south and start a slave revolt. He led raiders to Harper Ferry, Virginia to take control of the town and federal arsenal. His plan to spread revolt across the south failed. The raid led the south to believe the north was sending raiders south. Brown and his raiders were tried and hanged. Brown started a revolution with his death. -
Spoils System
To the victor goes the spoils. The spoils system reached its height between 1860 and 1880. It declined after the civil service act of 1883. The spoils system replaced beurocracy with own supporters. -
Southern Society-Yeoman Farmers
Yeoman farmers were in the middle class of society. They had a community in which they worked together and about 75% of them did not own slaves. Some of the yeoman farmers relied on planters but they generally did not get along with them. They formed southern militias, in caught runaway slaves, and guarding against slave rebellions. -
Southern Society- Tenant Farmers
Tenant farmers were in the lowest social class. They rented farms and were closer to slaves than to another class of whites. They made up 30-50% of the south. They had a sort of fraternalism with slaves, while yeoman and planters promoted white supremacy. -
Southern Society- Planters
Planters were the social elite of the south. Everyone wanted to be a planter. Most didn't own slaves but if they did, they owned 1-9. Most planters were very frugal and saved their money. They were the ruling class. -
Copperheads
Peace- loving democrats who wanted a ceasefire. Some of them supported the Confederacy and called Lincoln a tyrant. They were vilified by pro-union media. Lincoln shut down anti-union newspapers. -
Period: to
The Civil War
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Women at work
During and after the war, women began to receive new roles in traditional male-dominant positions. Women got more positions and took over jobs like:
nursing
teaching
civil service jobs
managing
There was a huge movement for women. Clara Barton famous during this period for starting the well known American Red Cross, which helped wouded soldiers on both sides. -
Draft Riots
After the union passed the conscription act (war draft) some northerners protested and some did it violently. Because the rich could get out of the draft, most who protested were poor immigrants and working-class citizens. Some blamed African Americans for all the issues going on. African Americans were lynched. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The emancipation proclamation freed slaves. Lincoln says he will declare slaves free unless the rebellion is ended by January 1, 1863. There were many warnings before as well and on January 1, 1803, the bill is signed and issued. The proclamation stopped Britain from entering the war on south's side by making the war about slavery, slavery was abolished in Britain already. -
10% plan
Lincoln's 10% plan pardoned all southerners except for officers and officials. It was very lenient. The southerners would take an oath and apply for federal recognition and form new state governments. -
Sherman's March to Sea
General Sherman was put in charge of taking Atlanta which was the only industrialized part of the south left. He marched to Savannah and cut the Confederates into thirds. He destroys everything along the way. He brought war to civilian populace. -
Wade Davis Bill
The Wade Davis bill was meant to get revenge on the south. It punished confederate leaders and destroyed the slave society. The Southerners had to take an oath declaring they never aided the Confederates. Officers were stripped of the constitution. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
Rebuilding after the war. South will suppress african americans and start industrialization. -
Freedmen's Bureau
Freedman's Bureau was a relief agency in the war-torn south. It provided food and education to previous slaves. It was the main institution for reconstruction and its policy. -
Lincoln's Assassination
Lincoln attended a play at Ford's theater 5 days after Appomattox courthouse. John Wilkes Booth who was an actor at the theater planned the assassination of Lincoln along with the vice president and the secretary of state. John Wilkes Booth went up to the presidential box and shot him in the back of the head point blank. An army doctor who was sitting 40 seats away came to aid and Lincoln was still alive. Lincoln was transferred to a bed across the street. Doctors agreed he could not be saved. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment abolishes slavery. Abraham Lincoln and radical republicans reached common ground. -
Growing Cities in north (Conflicts)
Due to urban growth in the north, there was a rise in conflict. Many more topics became more controversial as crime and unrest became common. Issues included immigration, racial tension, white, mobs, political discourse (whigs and democrats), religious conflicts (Protestants vs Catholics), prohibition, slavery issues, and overcrowding.
