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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Ancient times
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick
Ceremonies to exercise evil spirits -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis - treats heart conditions Quinine - controls fever, controls muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria Belladonna and atropine - treats muscle spasms, especially in GI pain Morphine - treats severe pain -
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
- earliest people to keep accurate health records
- priests acted as physicians
- used medicines to heal disease, learned how to splint fractures, and used leeches for treating disorders
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1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
- first to realize the cause of disease may be natural, not spiritual
- religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected
- Hippocrates was the father of medicine
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100
Ancient Romans
- learned that disease was caused by lack of sanitation so they developed a sanitation system
- the first to organize medical care
- physicians kept rooms in their houses for medical care, these were the first hospitals
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Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
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500
Study of medicine stopped
The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns and medicine started only being practiced in convents and monasteries. This is because the church believed that life and death was in gods hands. -
700
How they treat disease
Primary treatment was prayer, medicine was herbal mixtures, and care was custodial. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle age
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1100
Epidemics
Epidemics were the cause of millions of deaths during this time. These illnesses were bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
The renaissance saw a rebirth in learning. The developments in this time included the building of universities and medical schools, the search for new ideas about disease rather than accepting it as the will of god, dissection of the body for science, and the development of the printing press and the publishing of books. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered fallopian tubes in the female body. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. -
William Harvey
He used his knowledge to understand psychology and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and pumping of the heart -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see. -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies started in this time. They traded in drugs in spice. -
Period: to
18th century
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Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals, and that colds could be passed from person to person. -
Medical students learning
New discoveries made required as new way of teaching medicine. Students attended lectures in the classroom, laboratory, and also observed patients at bedside. When a patient died they dissected the body and observed the process. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it unstable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered smallpox vaccination. Also founded immunization as a preventative medicine. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope. -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
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Ignaz Semmelweiz
Identified the cause of childbed fever. Also realized that physicians were causing more deaths in childbirth because they spread disease from dead bodies they were working on. -
Florence Nightingale
Attracted well educated and dedicated women to the Nightingale school of nursing. These graduates raised the standard of nursing. -
Louis Pasteur
Discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He also discovered that they cause disease. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms; viruses. -
Joseph Lister
The first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis; a method to keep a germ free area before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. He also stressed the importance of cleanliness. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing organisms. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered X-rays. -
Anesthesia
Nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered. They put people to sleep during surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfide compounds. These were effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its known double helix. -
Christian Barnard
Preformed first successful heart transplant. -
Ben Carson
Pioneer in separating Siamese twins. -
3D Printing
3D printing is used to create prosthetics, implants, and more. -
Period: to
21st century
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Human Genome Project
Research project that had the goal of determining the base pairs that make up DNA. -
Smart Watches
Smart watches can track many health indicators including heart rate, patterns of sleep, and movements. -
Medical Cannabis
One by one states have been legalizing medical marijuana. -
Ebola Vaccine
The first Ebola vaccine came out on December 19th, 2019.