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Rationing Begins
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Tuskegee Airmen Are Founded
Who: A group of African American fighter & bomber pilots (formed the 332nd fighter group & 477th bomber group)
What: African American only group; first group of African American pilots in the US military
When: Active from
Where: 1941 - 1946
Why: Because the military was still quite segregated, African Americans were put into their own groups and squadrons when allowed to join. The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African American pilots in the USA's military. -
Anne Frank
Who: Anne Frank
What: Hiding, and writing
When: 1942 - Oct/Nov 1944
Where: Amsterdam (father's workplace, hidden rooms)
Why: Anne, a Jewish girl, lived in Amsterdam. Her family was stuck there due to Germany's presence, and thus they all hid in her father's workplace. For 2 years they hid, and Anne kept her famous journals. By 1944 they were discovered and arrested, sent to concentration camps. Anne and her family (save for her father, Otto) all perished swiftly. Anne lives on in her journals -
Japanese Internment
Who: FDR, the WRA, citizens of Japanese descent
What: Poor quality camps designed to hold citizens of Japanese heritage, executive order 9102
When: 1942 - 1946
Where: The USA (mainly west coast)
Why: FDR created the War Relocation Authority, and together they interred many people descended from Japan under EO9102. This was done because the government feared the Japanese-Americans may be spies, waiting for attack plans from Japan (suspicion was aroused by the bombing of Pearl Harbor) -
Battle Of The Coral Sea
Who: Japanese Navy, USA & Australian Navy
What: First battle between aircraft carriers, first battle where warships were not visible to each other
When: May 4-8, 1942
Where: Pacific Ocean (New Guinea & the Solomon Islands)
Why: The Japanese sought to occupy Port Moseby (New Guinea) and Tulagi (Solomon Islands). However, the Allies heard of the plans and sent forces to prevent the occupation. While Japan sunk more of the Allied forces, the win is awarded to the Allies for halting the invasion -
White Rose Is Founded
Who: University Of Munich students (and one professor)
What: A resistance group peacefully opposing the Nazi rulers
When: 1942 - Feb 18, 1943
Where: Nazi Germany (Munich)
Why: This group of students (and their professor) were highly upset by the Nazis' actions and crimes. They started sending out anonymous leaflets denouncing the Nazi party, authoring 6 total (sending over 15,000 copies in Munich and the rest of Germany). They were swiftly caught and put on trial, however, and many were executed -
Ballpoint Pens Are Invented
Who: László Bír, György Bír
What: Ballpoint Pen
When: 1943
Where: Hungary, Argentina
Why: -
Rosie The Riveter
Who: Rosie (Naomi Parker Fraley), Norman Rockwell
What: An icon of female empowerment
When: 1941 (1943)
Where: United States
Why: While a popular image of 'Rosie' had been in place since the early 40's, Norman Rockwell is credited with combing the name and image on the Saturday Evening Post. This embedded the popular characterization and name of Rosie, used to inspire women to join the war effort by working in factories. The real Rosie, Naomi, recently died at 96 and was not originally credited -
D-Day
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Battle Of Okinawa
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Hiroshima Is Bombed
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Nagasaki Is Bombed
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Jackie Robinson Joins the Dodgers
Who: Jackie Robinson, the Dodgers
What: Broke the color barrier in MLB
When: Apr 15th 1942 - Oct 10 1956
Where: USA, Brooklyn Dodgers
Why: Jackie was signed onto the Dodgers in 1942, and used nonviolence to prove how he was just as good as a white player. He played baseball for over 10 years, and for his courageous work was inducted into the MLB hall of fame (among other various awards). Jackie also helped with the Civil Rights movement, before his death at age 53
