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1 BCE
Freedom Summer
organizations including the Congress on Racial Equality and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee organized a voter registration drive, known as the Mississippi Summer Project, or Freedom Summer. Was trying to increase voter registration in Mississippi. The Freedom Summer was made of black Mississippians and more than 1,000 out-of-state, predominately white volunteers, faced constant abuse and harassment from Mississippi’s white population.
Was the year of 1964 -
Creation of Israel
David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman recognized the new nation on the same day. This made us favor Israel. -
Creation of NATO
Established by 12 western nations. United States, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Luxembourg, Canada, and Portugal. This also created a military alliance that provided self defense against the soviet aggression. -
Korean War
The War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean men across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the North and South Korea. American troops had entered the war on South of Korea. At the end of the war, no one gained or lost anything of both sides of Korea. 5 million soldiers and civilians lost their lives during the war. -
Domino Theory
This governed much of U.S. foreign policy beginning in the early 1950s, held that a communist victory in one nation would quickly lead to a chain reaction of communist takeovers in neighboring states. Its shows the plans of South Vietnam to the United States. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
The United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The courts decision overturned provisions of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision, which had allowed for “separate but equal” public facilities, including public schools in the United States. Declaring that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” the Brown v. Board decision helped break the back of state-sponsored segregation. -
Creation of the Warsaw Pact
A defense organization that put the soviets in command of the armed forces of the member states. The treaty was signed in Warsaw which included Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria. -
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a costly armed conflict with a communist issue of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and the United States. The divisive war, increasingly unpopular at home, ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces. The unification of Vietnam under Communist control two years later. More than 3 million people, including 58,000 Americans, were killed in the conflict. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Blacks refused to ride the city bus in Montgomery Alabama. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on the public bus. She was arrested and fined. The boycott last 381 days. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas called in the state National Guard to bar the black students’ entry into the school. Later in the month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent troops to the school to start their first full day of classes. -
Launching of Sputnik
The Soviet Union invented the space age. Sputnik was the worlds first satellite. It transmitted radio signals back to Earth. Strong enough to pick up amateur radio operators the, United States would listen when it orbited over our part in space. -
Greensboro Sit-ins
Segregation was still normal in the southern portion. Early that year, a non-violent protest by black students at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro. This event spread to college towns quickly. Though many of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made big changes, forcing Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies. -
U-2 Spy incident
Soviet Socialist Republics shot down an American U-2 spy plane in Soviet air space and captured its pilot, Francis Gary Powers. Confronted with the evidence of his nation’s espionage, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was forced to admit to the Soviets that the CIA had been flying spy missions over the USSR for several years. -
Bay of PIgs
1,400 Cuban men organized and armed by the United States to form the invasion of Cuba to gain there independence back from the dictator Fidel Castro. The invasion failed. Castro was still in charge. Soviet Union and Castro became close for the Soviets to have missile sites on Cuban soil. This began the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis. -
Freedom Riders
13 Blacks and White civil rights activists launched the freedom riders. It was numerous of bus trips through the south to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. They attempted to intergate facilities at bus terminals, also burn and kill people and the public buses. In September 1961, Interstate Commerce commission issued regulations banning segregation on buses and trains. -
Berlin Wall
The communist government of the German Democratic Republican began to build a huge wall that separates the East and West Berlin. The wall was to keep communism seperate for the free people. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Leaders of the US and the Soviet union start problems between each other. It was a 13 day standoff over the nuclear ammunition being on Cuban soil. President John Kennedy notified Americans and proposed that military may have to take action to prevent a future threat. President made a deal with the Soviet leader agreeing to move the missile out of Cuba as long as the US doesn't invade Cuba. -
" I have a dream speech"
At the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the black civil rights movement reaches its level when Martin Luther King, Jr., speaks to about 250,000 people attending the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. It shows how black and white, poor and rich came together in the nation’s capital to wanting voting rights and equal opportunity for African Americans and to end racial segregation and discrimination. -
JFK Assassination
Was assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas.One suspect has been arrested for the death of this president. Served as our 35th president. -
24th Amendment
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax." -
Gulf on Tonkin Resolution
Gave congressional approval for the expansion of the Vietnam War. Military personals have developed a plan on the North. At the time President B. Johnson and his advisers feared that the nation wouldn't agree to the plan. -
Malcolm X Assassination
Assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights.He was a nationalist and religious leader. He was born on May 19, 1925. -
Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama(March from Selma to Montgomery)
Martin Luther King Jr.’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference made Selma, Alabama. Worked on trying to registers blacks to vote. Protesters attempting to march from Selma to Montgomery were met with violent resistance by state and local authorities. After the walk, it became victorious. walking around the clock for three days to reach Montgomery. Later that year, the Voting Rights Act, was passed. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. President John F. Kennedy was first to proposed this. Years later, legislation brought equalization to blacks such as voting rights or 1965. -
Voting Rights of 1965
Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965. was to overcome the barriers at the state and local levels that prevented blacks from the right to vote under the 15th amendment. -
Loving vs. Virginia
A biracial couple, 17-year-old Mildred Jeter, who was black, and her childhood sweetheart, 23-year-old white construction worker, Richard Loving. Virginia banned biracial marriage. So they married in Washington, D.C. After returning home, the couple was charged with unlawful cohabitation and jailed. The couple was referred to the ACLU, which represented them in the landmark Supreme Court case, Loving v. Virginia. The Court ruled that state bans on interracial marriage were unconstitutional. -
Woodstock
This was the grooviest event in music history, The Woodstock Music Festival. It came to a close after three days of peace, love and rock ‘n’ roll in upstate New York. Over a 180,000 tickets were sold for this festival. -
Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination
Martin Luther King Jr. was shot to death at a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee. His suspect, James Earl Ray from over 200 feet away at a nearby motel struck King in the neck by a bullet. He died later at St. Joseph’s Hospital. The death starts riots in the black communities. -
Civil Rights of 1968
The Civil Rights Act signed into law in April 1968. This was also known as the Fair Housing Act. This prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin and sex. Intended as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act stands as the final great legislative achievement of the civil rights era. -
Kent State Protest
President Richard M. Nixon announced that the invasion of Cambodia by the United States and we need to draft 150,000 more soldiers for an expansion of the Vietnam War effort. This provoked massive protests on campuses throughout the country. At Kent State University in Ohio, protesters set the ROTC building,on fire, made the governor of Ohio to dispatch 900 National Guardsmen to the campus
