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Period: 1550 to
Emilio de'Cavalieri
One of the founders of the opera -
Period: 1551 to
Giulio Caccini
One of the founders of the opera -
Period: 1557 to
Giovanni Gabrieli
Italian composer famous for his works with instruments in sacred music -
Period: 1560 to
Lodovico Grossi Viadana
The first composer to write a basso continuo part for a sacred concerti in 1602 -
Period: 1561 to
Jacopo Peri
One of the founders of opera -
Period: 1562 to
Ottavio Rinuccini
First librettist for opera -
Period: 1563 to
John Dowland
Leading composer of lute music -
Period: 1567 to
Claudio Monteverdi
One of the inventors of seconda pratica -
Period: to
Heinrich Schütz
Most important German composer in the middle baroque era -
Early Baroque Melody
There was homophony (meaning several parts and one melodic line) and several strong emotions in the melodies of the early baroque era -
Early Baroque Rhythm
Rhythms became more modern and complex than those in the Renaissance Era -
Early Baroque Texture
Homophony is a newer style, but polyphony is still flourishing. -
Early Baroque Form
Still determined by text -
Early Baroque Dynamics
Piano and forte are used, but without gradations like crescendos and decrescendos -
Early Baroque Timbre
Contrasting timbres were used in the early baroque era -
Early Baroque Instruments
Improvements are made to stringed instruments and organs. -
Period: to
Early Baroque
~Beginning of the development of functional tonality in a major/minor key system
~Opera is invented
~Every piece/movement reflects an emotion
~Music became more textured than the Renaissance Era -
American Colonies Are Founded
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Period: to
Johann Heinrich Schmelzer
The leading Austrian violinist and composer before Biber -
Period: to
Johann Caspar Kerll
One of the first composers to create a thematic catalogue devoted to a single composer's works -
Italy Opens First Public Opera House
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Period: to
Dieterich Buxtehude
Most important organ composer before J.S. Bach -
Period: to
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
Austrian violinist and composer -
Middle Baroque Melody
Lyrical arias and solo songs became more popular. Melodies became more organized and used more compositional techniques. -
Middle Baroque Rhythm
The central element in instrumental music. Dotted rhythms became more common. Dance rhythms are more important, and melodies were created around the 16th note -
Middle Baroque Harmony
The 24 major and minor keys developed further -
Middle Baroque Texture
Homophony and polyphony are used -
Middle Baroque Form
Fugues, da capo arias, and ritornellos became more popular -
Middle Baroque Dynamics
Crescendos and decrescendos are understood, but not used -
Middle Baroque Timbre
Ensembles are still small and the tuning system gave the music more color -
Middle Baroque Instruments
Stringed instruments were the most popular in instrumental music. String ensembles would be complimented by the winds. -
Period: to
Middle Baroque
~More fugues, chaconnes, and passacaglias appear.
~New genres including the concerto, the trio, and the sonata.
~Ballet is popular in France -
Period: to
Arcangelo Corelli
Most important Italian composer of sonatas and concertos -
Period: to
Michel-Richard de Lalande
King Louis XIV's favorite composer -
Period: to
Henry Purcell
Most important English composer of the 17th century -
Period: to
Alessandro Scarlatti
Important Italian composer -
Period: to
François Couperin
One of the most important French composers -
Period: to
Antonio Vivaldi
Italian composer who laid the grounds of foundation for the late baroque era -
Period: to
Georg Philipp Telemann
German composer who was more popular than J.S. Bach at the time -
Period: to
Johann Sebastian Bach
One of the most revered composers of all time -
Period: to
Georg Friedrich Handel
German musician admired by Beethoven -
Period: to
Domenico Scarlatti
Composer who served Portuguese and Spanish royalty -
Early Baroque Harmony
There was a shift from modality to tonality. Tonality became dominated by the diatonic scale. -
Late Baroque Melody
Melodies were often long with a developmental section that moved towards a cadence. -
Late Baroque Rhythm
Basso continuo drove the music and kept ensembles steady. -
Late Baroque Texture
Polyphony was used in churches, while homophony was used for secular music -
Late Baroque Form
Da capo arias are the most popular form of vocal music, ritornellos are the most common ensemble music, and fugues were used in contrapuntal music. -
Late Baroque Instruments
The keyboard is being tampered with, and the pianoforte is created. Bassoons could play more than basso continuo, and recorders were still being used -
Period: to
Late Baroque
~Instrumental music is more important and significant
~Opera was the main form of public entertainment
~Castrati became more popular
~Sevenths chords became an acceptable harmony -
Late Baroque Harmony
The diatonic system for the 24 major and minor scales was established. Chromaticism was now being used, and harmonic rhythms were rapid. -
Late Baroque Timbre
The symphony is invented in Milan -
Late Baroque Dynamics
Hairpin dynamics are used and a demand for dynamics is created