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Puritans challenge Anglican Church
Puritans troubled the English Monarchs and King Charles I began to persecute Puritans. Some Puritans sought a colonial refuge in North America, escaping supervision. In their own colonies, the Puritans could worship their own churches and make their own laws and they hoped to inspired their countrymen in England to adopt Puritan reforms. -
The English Conquest
The Dutch and English became rivals in global commerce during the 1650's and 1660's. In 1664, an English expedition forced Governor Stuyvesant to surrender his colony, New Amsterdam, and it was renamed New York after the Duke of York. The Duke granted the lands between the Hudson and the Delaware rivers as a distinct new colony called New Jersey. The Puritans and the Cots settled on the eastern half, and the English Quakers settled on the western half. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Virginia governor Berkley increased taxes and restrictions(favored rich). The Declaration of the People of Virginia was that he raised great unjust taxes upon the commonality; was pro-Native American. In 1675, war broke out between natives and settlers over land. The settlers led by Bacon rebelled due to Berkley's lack of aid. The settlers killed Natives and drove Berkley out. Bacon's death due to disease ended the rebellion and this was a wake up call for government's relations with the people. -
Competition for North American Colonies
By the mid-eighteenth century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands were locked in a worldwide struggle for empire. In North America, Britain's greatest rival was France. While Britain controlled numerous colonies on the Atlantic seaboard, France controlled a vast territory that extended from the St. Lawrence River to the Gulf of Mexico. Between 1689 and 1748, the British and the French fought a series of wars. -
Europeans compee for American Indian Allies
Each war between England and France was followed by a treaty that resolved nothing. Great Britain longed to drive the French from North America, and to accomplish this, the British needed to neutralize the great French advantage: French support the most of the Americans Indians in the region. American Indians dominated the forest passages between the frontiers of the rival empires. -
The British Colonies Grow Stonger
That balance began to tip as the British colonial population grew. In 1754, the 1.5 million British colonists greatly outnumbered the 70,000 French. The increasingly powerful British often treated the American Indians harshly and did little to stop settlers from taking Indian lands. Needing American Indian allies, the French treated most American Indians with respect and generosity. -
Stamp Act
It was the first direct tax. The tax was on almost all printed material such as newspapers, contacts, and court documents. The tax caused great outrage as all colonists realized the financial takeover by Britain. -
Boston Tea Party
Angry members of the Sons of Liberty boarded 3 British ships and dumped tea into the Boston Harbor. Over 340 chests were destroyed, totaling almost $2 million in today's money. The dressed as Natives to show feeling of no longer being British, but American now. -
First Continental Congress
Representatives from all colonies except for Georgia and met in Philadelphia. Patrick Henry said "The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American." They boycotted imports and disputed Parliament's right to tax. They stated if Britain did not respond- they would reconvince and decide on further action. -
XYZ Affair
Due to unhappiness, in 1796 France began to seize American ships. Adams tried to balance sides and sent negotiators to France to create peace, but French officials known as X,Y,Z demanded humiliating terms including 250,000 in bribes. -
Election 1796
Adams who was a Federalist ran against Jefferson who was a Democratic-Republican. Adams was elected president with 71 electoral votes, one more than was needed for a majority. Adams won by sweeping the electoral votes of New England and other swing states(Mid-Atlantic region) -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Federalists passed the controversial Alien and Sedition Act in 1798. The Alien part allowed the president to arrest and deport any immigrants who criticized the federal government. The Sedition Act made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government. -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson purchased the whole area in 1803- doubling the size of America for $15 million or around 3 cents an acre. Jefferson criticized himself as he felt buying this land was giving the federal gov't too much power which is something he had been opposed to. -
The Barbary War
The Barbary States of North America seized American ships and held sailors captive. They were forced into slavery and experienced terrible conditions. Jefferson blockaded the port of Tripoli with his navy finally winning peace in 1805. -
Embargo
Jefferson set up an embargo to retaliate against British impressment because of their small navy. Jefferson's embargo soon backfired and hurt the American economy instead of the British who sought trade with southern countries. -
Lowel Transforms the Manufacture of cloth(Lowell girls)
Boston merchant Francis Cabot Lowell developed another industrial system in Massachusetts. In 1811, he toured England’s factory towns to gather secret information. Returning home, Lowell organized a company- Boston Associates. In 1813, the associates built their first mill at Waltham, Massachusetts, operations in the manufacture of cloth occurred—instead of just the production of thread. During the 1820s, they built more factories on the Merrimack River and established a new town called Lowell. -
The Origins of Industrialization- Tariff of 1816
After the war, British goods came to the US again, threatening to overwhelm fledgling American manufacturers. Congress imposed the Tariff of 1816 to help, a tariff on imports designed to protect American industry. This tariff increased the price of imported manufactured goods by an average of 20 to 25 %. The inflated price for imports encouraged Americans to buy products made in the United States. The tariff helped industry, but it hurt farmers, who had to pay higher prices for consumer goods. -
The Influence of Nationalism on Domestic Affairs
The building of the nation’s pride and identity was an important development that shaped politics and the arts. In 1817, a newspaper in Boston described politics as entering an “era of good feelings.” The Democratic Republican Party operated almost without opposition. In the election of 1820, James Monroe won reelection as President by receiving almost all of the electoral votes cast. A spirit of nationalism swept the country. -
The Monroe Doctrine
This policy responded to threats by European powers, including France, to help Spain recover Latin American colonies that had declared their independence. Monroe and Adams were eager to protect those new republics. In 1823, Monroe issued a written doctrine declaring that European monarchies had no business meddling with American republics. In return, the United States promised to stay out of European affairs. -
Canals Connect Markets
The best-known canal of the era was the Erie Canal. Completed in 1825, it ran 363 miles across New York State from Lake Erie to the Hudson River. Before this canal went into service, it could cost $100 or more to ship a ton of freight overland from the city of Buffalo on the shores of Lake Erie to New York City. The canal lowered that cost to just $4. The Erie Canal helped make New York City the nation’s greatest commercial center.
