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604 BCE
The Quran / the Prophet Muhammed
• Revealed to him by God and stated in the Quran
• This text includes the word atoms in Arabic "Zarra"
• The Quran also revealed the weight of an atom " Mithqaal Zarra"
the destructibility of the atom into sub-atomic particles, its combination into molecules, and most significantly the existence of positive and negative particles associated with the atom.
• This lead to very focused research on the atom in the Arabic world -
600 BCE
Idian discovery / Maharshi Kanada
• Indian philosopher/ scientist
• He was one of the pioneers of the atomic theory
• He was the one who originated the idea of the "Anu" (atom) that it was an indestructible practical of matter.
• Go the idea while eating bread and he kept on breaking the bread into smaller pieces
• He was one of the first to recognize this but only recently recognized because around the same time the discovery was made in Greece -
The Japanese Master Mind Hantaro Nagaoka
• Japanese Physicist
• Travelled to Europe and studied there
• Developed the "Saturnian" system in 1904
• Resembles the planetary system of Saturn
• Nagaoka assumed that the atom is a large, massive, positively charged sphere, encircled by very many (in order of magnitude: hundreds) light-weight, negatively charged
• Hia Model had multiple flaws though because according to his model the atom would be incredibly instable leading to him abandoning the idea in 1908 -
Marie Curie
• French chemist
• Pioneering research on radioactivity
• First-person and only women to win the noble price twice
• She shared her fist noble price with her husband for developing the theory of radioactivity and for successfully isolating radioactive isotopes
• The second noble prize she won was in 1911 for the discovery of two new elements polonium and radium
• One of the most renown scientist ever, one of the first females to show that they can also be great and in the field of science -
Irène Joliot-Curie
• French chemist and physicist
• Daughter of Marie Curie
• Nobel prize for chemistry in 1935 for the discovery of artificial radiopacity
• This makes the Curie family the most successful family In terms of Nobel prize wins which is 5
• She was also part of the first three women to join the French government
• She like her mother where a great scientist and where impact today of the political and scientific level and is still a role model for many people -
The German Marie Curie Lise Meitner
• Austrian-Swedish physicist
• Contributed to the discoveries of Protactinium and nuclear fission while studying in German
• Discovered protactinium-231 in 1917
• After fleeing from Nazi Germany to Sweden she and her nephew discovered nuclear fission in 1938
• Einstein praised her as "German Marie Curie "
• The biggest outrage in my opinion is that she did not receive a noble prize for nuclear fission but a male did and she didn’t even receive and recognition from the committee -
Harold Delaney The unrecognized Hero
• American chemist
• hired to work on the Manhattan project as a chemist
• One of the few Black people to work on the Manhattan project
• He has one of the unsung heroes he had major discoveries during the Manhattan project
• These achievements were all claimed by Caucasian coworkers and he never received the official credit for his discoveries during the Manhattan project -
The History Maker Ralph Gardner-Chavis
• American chemist
• Pioneer of hard plastics
• In this case we know he knows that he was the leading force behind the plutonium research which lead to the "Fat man" Bomb
• He is a person that got a bit recognition but not as much he deserved seeing as he was one of the driving factors in the development of the fat man -
The German Nucleus Maria Goeppert-Mayer
• German-born scientist
• Came up with the nuclear shell model that made us able to understand how the nucleus of atoms work
• Discovered this in august 1946
• Won noble prize in 1963
• The last time a woman won the noble prize was in 1903
• She did her research while she spent many years without being paid for her research or her work as a university professor.
• Funding most of it herself or through her husband
• She fought through adversity to give us a model which we still use today -
Richard Bader
• Canadian quantum chemist
• Famous for his work atoms in molecules
• This theory tries to show a physical basis for a lot of the working concepts in chemistry, such as atoms in molecules and bonding.
• He also worked out how electron density affects the topology.
• a famous quote from his states " there is no bonds…. Only bonding" shows again how deeply he believed in his theories
• His theories are still accepted and renowned today and still get studied and taught around the world -
Robert J. LeRoy
• Canadian Chemist
• Renown for two major achievements
• The Leroy-Bernstein theory
• The LeRoy Radius which means to mathematical calculate the radius of a small molecule
• Many of his books and theory are being taught and used in schools today all around the world
• Seeing as he himself was a teacher
• His discoveries are still regarded as some of the best and still used and highly acknowledged -
The Canadian pigeon Henry Taube
• Canadian born chemist
• Won the noble prize in 1983 in chemistry for "his work in the mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes."
• He was the second canadine born to win the noble prize
• His work taught people that the transfer of electrons in metals can happen at high speeds
• He also revised many other scientific awards including 6 honorary degrees
He was one of the biggest players in modern science and electron movement
