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460
Democritus
-He discovered the atom.
-To find the atom he conducted a simple exspierament.
-He broke a sea shell into multiple halves until he was left in powder.
-He discovered the invisible building block -
Antonine Lavoisier
-Discovered oxygen's role in combustion
- Named Oxygen and Hydrogen
-opposed the phlogiston theory
-helped create the metric system
-wrote the first extensive list of elements
-helped to make the chemical nomenclature. -
Joseph Louis Proust
- Discovered Prout's Law which stated that in any compound the elements are present in a fixed proportion by weight. -he created the idea that hydrogen is a sulfide that could be used as a reagent
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John Dalton
-English chemist and meterologist and physicist
- Developed the modern Atomic Therory
- consisted of 3 principles that are unchanged
- 1. All matter is made of stoms - atoms are invisible and indestructable
- 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
- 3. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms
- 4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms -
Michael Faraday
-Studied the effect of electricity on solutions (electrolysis) when splitting molecules.
-DEveloped the law of electrolysis.
-discovered electro-magnectic induction, electro- magnetic rotations, the magneto optical effect, digmagnetism, field theory and a lot more. -
Henri Becquerel
-Henri discovered spontaneous radioactivity
-He researched the newly discovered X-rats which led to why uranium salts are influenced by light.
-On accident he discovered the uranium salts spontaneously penetrating radiation. -
J.J Thomson
- Bristish physicist
- Discovered the electon through the study of electronic discharge
- Created electrons by charging plates and magnets and calculating the charged mass ratio
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Max Planck
-Was very familiar with Albert Einsteins explanation of the photoelectric effect.
-The quantum theory was worked on and published by Planck.
-used the idea of quanta (discrete units of energy) to explain hot glowing matter. -
Marie & Pierre Curie
-Marie did not get an oppurtinity to be educated, but married Pierre Curie, a French chemist.
- Both of them studied radioactivity and examined the particles and energy produced in a radio active atom.
-They discovered Polonium and Radium, which were two new elements.
-They were very talented for extracting radium from ores. -
Robert Milikan
- he found a way to measure the charge of an electron
- worked on the photoelectric effect
- obtained the exact value of Planck's constant
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Ernest Rutherford
- Atoms are made mostly of empty space but with a core of positevly charged material with most of the atom's mass which is the nucleus
- Used the "Gold Foil Experiment" to discover the nucleus
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Lise Meitner
- worked with Hahn and Strassman. -Conducted exspierments with heavy elements and form unstable products that undergo fission.This process creates more neutrons, creating a fission chain reaction.\ -Helped Germany with atomic bomb.
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Albert Einstein
--Physicist who created the theory of relativity.
-Most influential physicist of the 20th century
- E=mc2 is an equation that tiny particles of matter are being converted into huge amounts of energy. This is showing the development of nuclear power. -
Otto Hahn
- Discovered the splitting of heavy nuclei -Discovered nuclear fission -worked mostly with Uranium.
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Niels Bohr
- Electons don't collapse into the nucleus because they orbit the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun -Fixed energy levels surrounding the nucleus
- The further the electron means less attraction
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Erwin Schrodinger
-Schrodinger was home schooled for most of his life and then he went to the university of Vienna and studied physics.
- Had an interest in explaining that an electron in an atom would move as a wave.
-Created Schrodinger wave equation.
-H figured out the movements of electrons in terms of wave mechanics, whick was different than particle leaps.
-This was very important change for the quantum theory. -
James Chadwick
- Chadwick discovered the neutron -He showed that a neutral particle with a mass about that of a proton was inside of a nucleus.
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Louis DeBroglie
- introduced his theory of particle-wave duality, which helped explain how atoms, molecules, and protons behave
- His theory stated that particles behave like waves, and waves can behave like particles
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Glenn T. Seaborg
- codiscovered plutonium and all furter elements through element 102. -idetified more than 100 isotopes, through the periodic table. -Suggested to change the layout of the periodic table
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Aristotle
-Developed the theory that all matter consisted of four elements; Earth, Air, Water, and Fire.
-There were also four qualities:dryness, hotness, coldness, and moistness
-Aristotle theory also had two forces; conflict and harmony.
-His theory was used for almost 2000 years, until after the scientific revolution.
