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Period: Feb 19, 1473 to May 24, 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
was born in 1473 and died in1543, he had the theory (Copernican Theory) that the sun was likely to be in the center of the solar system and the planets rotated around it in a circle.(heliocentricicsm) His most famous work was called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies and was published on his death bed. -
Jan 1, 1543
Copernicus- On The Revolution of The Heavenly Orbs
This was the catalyst for the Scientific Revolution, he proposed that the world was heliocentric -
Nov 14, 1543
Vesalius
Vesalius (1514-1564) was a Flemish anatomist, physician & author. His most famous work was "On the Fabric of The Human Body" (Published in 1543) He is considered the Father of Modern Anatomy -
Period: Dec 14, 1546 to
Tycho Brahe
1546-1601, astronomer from Denmark who used a quadrant to measure the positions of celestial objects. Without a telescope Tycho Brahe charted in 1577 the path of a comet, he realized that comets must be farther away than the moon. -
Period: Jan 22, 1561 to
Francis Bacon
English statesman and philosopher. As a scientist he advocated the inductive method. Notable works: The Advancement of Learning (1605) and NovumOrganum (1620). -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo
Italian astronomer and physicist. Galileo was appointed as mentor as theMedici young princes. Galileo provided the young rulers with a technicalbackground. In 1610 Galileo was appointed royal professor of math andscience and math. Galileo was known as a brilliant thinker. Galileo was morefocused on how the world ran, which was not liked by the Catholic Church. -
Period: Dec 27, 1571 to
Johannes Kepler
appointed successor as the imperial mathematician. Using theworks of Brahe Kepler discovered that the planets orbit around the sun inellipses. This was one of the three laws of planetary motion. The other twoare that an imaginary line between the planet and the sun orbits out at anequal area and an equal time, the square of the total time period of an orbit is proportional to the cube of the average distance of the planet to the Sun. -
Nov 13, 1572
Crab Nebula
Discovered by Tycho Brahe, it is one of the eight visible supernovae visible to the human eye -
Nov 13, 1577
New Comet
Tycho used his invention the telescope to see this comet -
Period: to
Rene Descartes
French philosopher, mathematician, and man of science. Heconcluded that everything was open to doubt except conscious experience and existence as a necessary condition of this: “ Cogito, ergo sum ” (I think, therefore I am). Created the Scientific Method -
Giordano Bruno Burnt
Bruno was a philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer. He believed in the helioentric theory. After the Roman Inquisition found him guilty, he was burned at the stake. He gained considerable fame after his death -
Three Laws of Planetary Motion
Written by Kepler, stated that the earth was heliocentric. This was ironic because his mentor, Tycho Brahe, believed in a geocentric universe -
Letter To Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Written by Galileo- it was about the relations of the revelations in the Bible to the new scientific discoveries -
Novum Organum (New Tools)
Written by Bacon, detailing his new system of logic, which he wants to replace syllogism (Baconian method) -Theory of Induction- -
William Harvey- On The Antomy of the Heart & Blood
Harvey (1578-1657) was an English physician. In his work, he described the circulation of blood through the heart. He attended University of Padua, where Vesalius taught. -
Dialogue on Two Chief World Systems
Written by Galileo, it was comparing the Copernican and Ptolemaic systems. It was dedicated to the Duke of Tuscany, who was his patron. -
Galileo Banned By The Church
In the Roman Inquisition, he was found as a suspect of heresy and sentenced him to imprisonment. He was then sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life, but he still published books. -
Discourse on Method
Written by Descartes, a philosophical and autobiographical treatise. source of his famous quotation "I think therefore I am" one of the most famous philosophical works -
Discourse of the New Sciences
Galileo's last book, he basically summed up all of the theories that he had come across in his years. -
Period: to
Isaac Newton
He designed a reflecting telescope called the Newtoniantelescope. His laws of motion and gravity are the basis in understanding Kepler’s laws of planetary orbits. In Principia Mathematica (1687), he gave a mathematical description of the laws of mechanics and gravitation and applied these to planetary motion. Opticks (1704) records his optical experiments and theories, including the discovery that white light is made up of a mixture of colors. -
Malpighi & Capilliries
Malpighi (1628-1694) was an Italian doctor. He studied anatomy at the University of Bologna. He further helped Harvey by saying that capillaries were the connections between arteries & veins that allowed blood to circulate into the heart -
Jean Picard & Mars
Picard (1884-1963) was Swiss chemist & engineer. He invented the plastic balloon. He claimed that it would be possible for humans to fly to Mars using balloons. -
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Written by Newton- A work in 3 books, in these he states the laws of motion, & his derevation from Kepler's work, law of universal gravatation. -
Opticks
Written by Newton, his second major book in science. It was about optics & the refraction of light. It is also considered one of the greatest scientific works in history. Very different from Principia.
