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Jun 8, 1215
Magna Carta
Charter agreed by King John of England in June 1215. It enshrining the concepts of government accountability and protection of individual rights. -
Aug 7, 1300
Renaissance
The revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in 14-16th century. -
Nov 13, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
Led military campaigns in North Africa and also directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugals empire. -
Dec 6, 1492
Columbian Exchange
A period of cultural and biological exchanges between the new and old worlds. They exchanged plants, animals, diseases, and technology. -
Dec 4, 1500
Migrate
This was when native americans migrated from one region or habitat to another. -
Dec 8, 1500
Middle Passage
The boat ride for slaves over to America. Almost half of them died on the way over. -
Dec 25, 1500
Adobe
A kind of clay used in building materials which Native Americans used. -
Aug 4, 1501
Puritan
A group of english protestants in the 16th century who purified the church of England from all Roman Catholics. -
Dec 4, 1501
Conquistador
One of the spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. He conquored land for Mexican people to live. -
May 20, 1506
Chris Columbus
Was an Italian explorer who discovered the new world of the americas. If he didnt discover the states, nobody would have a place to live. -
Jun 29, 1520
Montezuma
Last aztec emporor in Mexico and was overthrown by spanish conquestador Hernando Cortes. He have Hernando so much power. -
Dec 2, 1547
Hernan Cortes
Was a spanish conquistador who overthrew the Aztec empire and won Mexico from crown of Spain. -
Joint-Stock Company
A buisness where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. It let people gain and lose money. -
indentured servant
Someone that works to pay off the debt. This is how majority of americans got to america. -
Cash Crops
Selling a crop for profit plantations in the south. They made a lot of money from doing this and that is how they survived. -
House of Burgesses
The first legislative assembly in the American colonies. It helped many things in America. -
Mayflower Compact
The first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was a document that talked about the Mayflower ship. -
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Enlightment
Big in Europe and its when philosiphors have theories of how/why the world works. -
John Smith
An english soldier who helped the settlement of Jamestown survive Jamestown people. It helped the town succeed. -
William Denn
An english real estate enterpreneur and philosipher who founded the province of Pennsylvania. It helped the settlement in that state. -
Habeus Corpus
Legal action where they can seek relief from unlawful imprisonment. -
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Salutary Neglect
Unofficial and longterm 17th and 18th century british policy for avoiding street enforcements of parliamentary laws to keep American colonies directed to England. -
English Bill of Rights
English statement confirming changes, decleration of rights declared the rights and liberty. It gave rules for people to follow. -
Presidio
A fortified military settlement with Italy, Greece, North Africa, and North America. It changed the military and the way they do certain things. -
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Great Awakening
Revitalization swept protestants in Europe an British especially American colonies. It brought awakening into americas. -
John Jay
Was one of the founding fathers of the US, signers of Treaty of Paris and first chief Justice of US. -
Iroquois League
These were tribes including mohawk, oneida, onondaga, cayuga, and seneca. They were important allies for the US in the French and Indian War. -
Limited Government
Is a political system in which legalize force is restricted through delegated powers. -
Mercantilism
Belief in the benefits of profitable trading. It helped a lot of countries in profitting. -
Seperation of Powers
An act of vesting the legislative executive and Judicial powers of Government in seperate bodies. It helped them solve different problems. -
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Article of Confederation
An agreement among the thirteen original states that provided a loose government before the constitution went into effect. -
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Henry Clay
Was an american lawyer, politician. and skilled creater who represented Kentucky on both the US senate and House of repspresentitives. -
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Shays Rebellion
This was a name given to many protests in 1786-1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcements of tax collections and judgement. -
Checks and Balances
When an orginization or system is regulated, typically ensures that the power is hot concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups. -
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Great Compromise
It was an agreement that large and small states reached during the constitutional convention. -
Northwest Ordinace
An ordinace for the government of the territory of the US. -
Cabinet
A body of advisors to the president composed of the government. They provided advice in matters related to their areas of expertise. -
Alexander Hamilton
Was the 1st US secretary of the treasury. He led federalist party and wanted to influence people to federalism. -
2nd Great Awakening
Was a president revival movement during the early 19th century in the US. It was a method to get certain people free. -
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Whiskey Rebellion
A tax protest in the US which began during Washingtons presidency. Many farmers protested because they were making their own money but the government was taking it away from them. -
The Fedrealist
It was an online magazine that covers politics, religion, policy, and culture. It helped get the word out there. -
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Dred Scott
was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. -
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Alien and sedition acts
Four billa that passed by Ferealists in US congress and signed into law by president Adams. This was the results of the french revolution. -
Interchangeable Parts
Parts that are identical for practical purposes. They made them exactly alike for the assembly line. -
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Nat Turner
Was an african american slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Virginia which resulted in 60 white deaths. -
Mestizo
A man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaiard and a American Indian. -
Nat Turner
Was an african american slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Virginia which resulted in 60 white deaths. -
Judicial Review
A doctraine under which legislative and executive are reviewed by Judicials. -
Louisiana Purchase
was 828,000 square miles of land owned by the US which helped people come to the US. -
Marbury vs. Madison
A landmark in where the court fired the bass for the excerise of Judicial under constitution Judicial. It helped the constitiution. -
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William Loyd Garrison
Was a prominent american abolitionist, journalist, suffragent, and social reformer. He ended all political ties between the north and south. -
Cotton Gin
A device for removing the seeds from cotton fiber created by Eli Whitney. It can produce up to 50 lbs of cotton a day. -
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
was an American abolitionist and author. She came from a famous religious family and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. -
War Hawks
A term used in politics for something favoring war. It was people whoi loved the war. -
Impressment
Refers to the act of taking men into war by force. It forced them to join even if they didnt want to. -
Treaty of Ghent
Signed in Dec. 1814, in Ghent which ended war between US and Great Britain. -
Hartford Convention
A series of meetings in Hartford which New Englands federal parties met to discuss their conerns with the ongoing war in 1812. -
American System
The policy of promoting industry in the US by adoption of high protective tariff def government and Hary Clay. -
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
She was an american suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leader of womens rights movement. -
Erie Canal
A canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles to lake Erie. It was built to create a navigable water routefrom NYC to great lakes. -
Mossouri Compromise
Was an effort by congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries. It made slavery be permitted. -
Mormon Movement
Is the collection of independace church groups that trace their origins to a christian movement. -
Lore Star Republic
Chamber of commerce in Texas which granted independence to Mexico in 1821. -
Monroe Doctrine
Was a US foreign policy regarding dominations of the American continent in 1823. -
Tariff of Abominations
A tariff passed and designed to protect industrys in the North US passed by the congress. -
Andrew Jackson
7th US president and he was the family man and legend. -
Indian Removal Act
Was the law authorizing the president to regetiate with Indian tribes in the southern US for their removal to federal territory west of Mississippi. -
Utopian Community
In the 19th century america was considered by many to create a new age in human civilization. -
abolition Movement
Was an effort to find slavery in a nation that vauled personal freedom and liked the saying that all men are created equal.They wanted all the unfairness to be over. -
Nullification
A legal theory that a state has the right to nulify any federal law which the state has demed unconstitutional. -
Jacksonian Democracy
The political movement during the second party system towads the democracy. It helped the common man. -
Popular Sovereignity
Was the principle that the authority of the government is sustained by the consent of its people through their represetatives. It helps the people grow bigger. -
California Gold Rush
Was a period of American victory which began on January 24, 1844. -
Dorettea Dix
Was an American activist who through a vigirous program, created the first generations mental asylums. -
Manifest Destiny
The 19th century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the american continent was both justifed and inevitable. -
Wilmot Proviso
was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Limited and settled between the US of america and Mexico Republic which was a peace treaty between these two. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Was the first womens rights convetion. -
Popular Severeignty
s the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives. -
Comromise of 1850
was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. -
Gadsen Purchase
An area in extreme south of New Mexico and AZ. It was purchased by the US in 1853 to ensure territorial rights for a railroad to pacific coast. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. -
Harpers Ferry
is a historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. It was formerly Harper's Ferry with an apostrophe and that form continues to appear in some references. -
Underground Railroads
was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century enslaved people of African descent in the United States in efforts to escape to free states. -
Fort Sumter
This was the first battle that started the American Civil War. Many people bombarded the fort but it didnt burn down completely because of the water surrounding it. Lincoln tried stopping this because he didnt want any more people secceding in the South. No casualties happened until after the war. The US military rebuilt it later on. -
Battle of Bull Run 1 and 2
Battle 1: This battle was in Virginia nad was led by General Irvin McDowell. There were around 30,000 soliders fighting on both sides. Very bloody war and it was the closest that Robert e Lee was going to get a victory to the north.
Battle 2: There were more people fighting in this battle but it only lasted 3 days from August 28-30th of 1862. This was also a very bloody battle. -
Confederate States of America
was a confederation of secessionist American states existing from 1861 to 1865. -
Battle of Shiloh
This was the major turning point of the war to the North. The whole battle ended where it started. Johnston made a surpise attack by attacking the poeple at Grants camps at Shiloh Church. Buells men formed together with Grants men and so they outnumbered their oponents. About 23,000 people died in the batle. This was the first war that the union actually won. -
Battle of Antietam
This battle was said to decide the fate of the war. More than 6,000 unions and confederates lives lost. This battle was the bloodies battles of all and it was the last big battle for the south. It was Lees last push to try to break the line. -
Anaconda Plan
Designed by Windfiel Scott and it was going to split the south into two and was trying not to kill anyone. This plan weakened the confederacy but it generally worked. -
Battle of Fredericksburg
This battle was fought on the Rappahannock river and it was a Confederate victory. After the battle the union suffered more casualties than the confederacy and this victory was a huge moral boost to the south. This battle made General Lees reputation go up a lot. They were outnumbered by 30,000 men but they still won. -
Battle of Chancellorsville
This battle was a confederate victory but many lives were lost. At the time this battle was the bloodiest battle in American history. They had a sneak attack on Hazel Grove and captured 100 union men along with artillery. -
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle took place in Mississippi. African american soldiers and sailors served in the armies of both the union and confederacy during the war. The union won the victory at Champion Hill and Big Black Bridge which had weakened forces which left confedeartes with no alternative but to retreat. -
Battle of Gettysburg
One of the only battles fought in the North. This battle had many deaths and many soldiers were captured. Picketts Charge was a battle startegy that was an infantry assault ordered but Genreal Robert e Lee. The union won in the end. -
Battle of Atlanta
John Hood wanted to drive the union away forcing civilians to leave their homes. The union won this battle because they had a better tactic and weapons. This battle helped Abe Lincoln to get re-elected. -
Sherman March to the Sea
Was a march from Atlanta to Savannah Gerogia and the idea was to frighten the people they were trying to get. They didnt destroy any towns but if anyone tried to fight back, they would burn their barns and little things that they had. They destroyed the souths morale and when they showed up to Savannah no soldiers were their trying to defend themselves so it was easy for them. -
Appomattox Court House
This took place in the court house in Virginia. The confederates tried to retreat after the seige of Petersburg hoping to meet up with more confederates. Lee attacked the forced assuming they were all calvary. This ended the war in Virginia and triggered a series of surrenders in the south.Union lost 260 men and confederates lost 440 men. -
Battle of Petersburg
Confederate soldiers dug many miles of trenches around Petersburg for cover. Trenches were 40 ft high to protect them. Genereal Ulisses S. Grant sent his troops to cut the supply lines for the confederates. Many women during this battle were widows because their husbands died in battle. This battle was the ending of Civil War. -
Loose Construction
A broad interpretation of a statute or document by a court. It makes sure that a document changes as society changes. -
Strict Construction
Interpreting the constitution based on a literal and narrow defintion which changed the document without referring the the different conditions. -
Tariff
A tax on imports or exports. It was used to protect infant industries and develop economy. -
Northwest Passage
A sea Route connecting the Northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean. It let people trade things faster. -
Bacons Rebellion
An armed rebellion by Virginia settlers led by Balon against William Berkely. It helped history in America. -
Bicameral Legislature
When the legislators are divided into two seperate assemblies or houses.
