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Period: to
Artificial Intelligence
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Alan Turing made a machine that could figure out any calculations
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Arthur Samuel develops a checkers playing program that can learn from its mistakes
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Turing suggests that machines might oneday process intelligence
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W. Grey Walter creates a "tortoise" that moves under its own power until it runs low
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John McCarthy of Dartmouth College (US) coins the term artificial intelligence
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LISP (LISt Processing) the most commonly used AI language is introduced my McCarthy
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Dr Norbert Weiner suggest that computers that couple think like humans would be "both affective and dangerous"
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Samule beaten by his checkers playing program; other develop into game playing theory
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Dr Frank Rosenblatt demonstrates that perceptrons coupled to a simple neural network can be programmed by example to recognise visual patterns
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Dr Weizenbaum of MIT designs ELIZA
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Fuzzy logic introduced by Zadeh to explain some of the situations where a Yes/No answer will no suffice
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Work begun on DENDRAL, first expert systam
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Minsky and Papert prove perceptrons could not be used as the basis for a general computer effectively ending research into neural networks for 15 years
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Terry Winograd at MIT develops SHRUDLU,AN NL interface to an inaginary 'block world' that was the first to demonstrate that a machine could have any real gasp of language
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the AI language PROLOG (programmed logic) developed
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MYCIN, an expert system diagnose bacterial infections is produced
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Hearsay, a speech understanding program is introduced
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work starts on Shear Magic, a sheep shearing robot (WA)
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BKG 9.8, a backgammon playing program defeats the (human) world champion
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developments in knowledge engineering and influence systems help repark interest in the potential for AI
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Japan announces the $M400 Fifth Generation Project to, over ten years, put a core computer in every home and small buisness
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Q&A, a natural language based PC database program is introduced
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develpos with ANNs lead to significant advances into solving problems associated with problem solving
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US military use AI based technology in weapons systems such as missiles and jet fighters
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voice and character recognition used in home computers
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ALICE, an open source NL AI chart robot, wins the Loebner Prize for the Turing test
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DARPA introduces the DARPA Grand Challenge requiring competitors to produce autonomous vehicles for prize money.
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OWL Web Ontology Language W3C Recommendation
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Recommendation technology based on tracking web activity or media usage brings AI to marketing. See TiVo Suggestions
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Blue Brain is born, a project to simulate the brain at molecular detail
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one of the world's oldest scientific journals, puts out a special issue on using AI to understand biological intelligence, titled Models of Natural Action Selection
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Checkers is solved by a team of researchers at the University of Alberta