Summative Part 1

Art develops during the pre-dynastic period in Egypt

6000 BCE

The Predynastic Period is the period from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic and until the beginning of the First Dynasty.

Art in Egypt

6000 BCE

Artwork becomes more elaborate during the Early Dynastic Period in Egypt

3150 BCE

In this period the regions of Upper Egypt came together as one country under a centralized government.

The Narmer Palette is created, a high point in Egyptian art of the period

3150 BCE

The Narmer Palette is an Egyptian ceremonial icon, which is about 64cm high and shaped like a shield, representing King Narmer of the First Dynasty, who united the lower and upper Egypt, by conquering his enemies.

Imhotep creates King Djoser's Step Pyramid and Pyramid Complex at Saqqara, Egypt

2670 BCE

Art becomes standardized by the king during the Old Kingdom of Egypt

2613 BCE

The 4th Dynasty includes the Old Kingdom of Egypt when King Sneferu improved the art of pyramid building.

Egyptians invent the technique of filigree in the manufacture of gold objects

2500 BCE

Art is mass-produced during the First Intermediate Period of Egypt

2181 BCE

The First Intermediate Period of Egypt was the era that came after the Old Kingdom and came before the Middle Kingdom period.

Art reaches its greatest height during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt

2040 BCE

During The Middle Kingdom (Egypt Classical Age) some of the greatest works of art and literature of this culture were produced.

Art is influenced by the Hyksos and Nubians during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

1782 BCE

The Second Intermediate Period was the era that came after the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and before the New Kingdom.

Styles and techniques of other cultures influence Egyptian art during the period of the New Kingdom. Some of the most famous works created

1570 BCE

Following the disunity of the Second Intermediate Period came the New Kingdom era.

Composition of the Egyptian Book of the Dead

1550 BCE

In this book, there is a collection of spells that allow the soul of a dead person to navigate the afterlife.

Life of Egyptian queen Nefertiti

1370 BCE

Nefertiti was the wife of the pharaoh Akhenaten of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.

Reign of Ramesses II (The Great) in Egypt

1279 BCE

Claiming to have won a decisive victory over the Hittites in the battle of Kadesh, Ramesses II, who was the third pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, used this event to enhance his reputation as a good warrior.

Probable dates for the construction of Abu Simbel

1264 BCE

Located on the Nile's second cataract, Abu Simbel is a complex of ancient temples that were built on a rock-solid cliff.

The artwork of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt tries to carry on New Kingdom standards with varying levels of success

1069 BCE

The Third Intermediate Period was the era that came after the New Kingdom of Egypt and before the Final Period.

Art of the Late Period of Ancient Egypt is influenced by Persian and Kushite rule

525 BCE

The late period of Egypt was the era that came after the third intermediate period and before the brief Hellenistic period in which Egypt was governed by the Argead officers installed by Alexander.

Egyptian art fuses with Greek styles during the Ptolemaic Dynasty

323 BCE

Egyptian art combines with Roman in Roman Egypt

30 BCE

Egypt became property of Rome after the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, and this event marked the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty which ruled Egypt since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE.

Art in Rome

10 BCE

Statue of Augustus as Pontifex Maximus sculpted

10 BCE

Besides being the first, Augustus Caesar, was by many, considered the greatest emperor of Rome.

A massive altar the Ara Pacis is completed by Augustus in Rome

9 BCE

Born in Gaius Octavius ​​Thurinus on September 23, 63 BC, Augustus Caesar was the name of the first and, by a lot of people, the greatest Roman emperor.

The pupil and iris of the eye began to be sculpted in the marble sculpture in Rome

100

Celebrating the emperor's campaigns in Dacia, Trajan's column was built

113

Trajan was Roman emperor from 98 to 117 CE, he was as a ruler of favorable disposition, and had his reign known for public projects.

They carved the colossal marble statue of Antinous

130

He was the favorite and most beloved Roman emperor. He was deified with that he was worshiped in the Greek East and the Latin West.

A huge bronze statue of Marcus Aurelius on a horse was built in Rome

176

Known as the author of the philosophical work Meditations, Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE.

The Column of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina was built in Rome

180

With relief sculptures all around it,the column shows how the emperor's campaigns throughout the Danube went.

The bust of Commodus as Hercules is sculpted

192

Commodus was the son of Marcus Aurelius, emperor who was in power before him. Commodus ruled from 180 to 192. He compared himself to the hero Hercules, so this sculpture was constructed, to represent this comparison.

Art in Dark Ages

500

It was the beginning of Byzantine art and the beginning of medieval art (c.450-1450). In addition, during this period, panel painting , orthodox icon painting, and mosaic art flourish began.

500

Being an example of Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia built in Constantinople.

532

Illuminated Celtic / Saxon gospel manuscripts were written.

550

Oils were first used in oil resin varnishes and for stone and glass painting.

700

Under Charlemagne I, medieval Christian works of art appear during the pre-Romanesque era of the Carolingian Renaissance. Byzantine art was combined with western Christian themes to create biblical texts.

780