-
Period: 40,000 BCE to 4000 BCE
Paleolithic: “Old Stone Age”
40,000-8,000 BCE in the Near East
40,000-4,000 BCE in Europe -
15,000 BCE
Great Hall of the Bulls Cave Paintings
Lascaux, France.
15,000-13,000 B.C.E.
Rock painting -
10,000 BCE
Art of Japan
The earliest pieces of Japanese art came from the Jomon Period
Started with the connection of Buddhism -
Period: 8000 BCE to 2000 BCE
Neolithic: “New Stone Age”
8,000- 3,000 BCE in the Near East
4,000- 2,000 BCE in Europe -
7000 BCE
Art of China
Art is an important part in the Chinese culture
The different periods of time were called Dynasties -
Period: 3500 BCE to 2340 BCE
Sumerian
Sumerians rule from 3500 - 2340 B.C.E.
Made up of independent city-states
Cuneiform - earliest form of writing developed by 3000 B.C.E.
Epic of Gilgamesh - early Sumerian poem
Architecture generally consists of mud-brick -
3000 BCE
Art of Korea
Korean artworks include traditions
Used 4 major types of art calligraphy, music, painting, pottery
The first major Korean artwork dates back to 3000 BC -
2700 BCE
Statues of votive figures
From the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)
Sumerian
c.2700 B.C.E.
Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone -
2620 BCE
Seated scribe
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2620-2500 B.C.E.
Painted limestone -
Period: 2575 BCE to 2134 BCE
Old Kingdom Egypt
Approximately c. 2575-2134 BCE
Mastabas and pyramids as tombs and burial chambers
Ben-ben stone: the top stone on the pyramid; location of where the sun rays first fell
Standardization of the canons of Egyptian art -
2500 BCE
Stonehenge
Wiltshire, UK
Neolithic Europe
c.2500-1600 B.C.E
Sandstone -
Period: 1895 BCE to 539 BCE
Babylonian
1,895–539 BC -
1792 BCE
The Code of Hammurabi
Babylon (Modern Iran)
Susian
c.1792-1750 B.C.E.
Basalt -
1550 BCE
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall
New Kingdom, 18th & 19th Dynasties
Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt
Temple: c.1550 B.C.E.
Hall: c.1250 B.C.E.
Cut sandstone and mud brick -
Period: 1550 BCE to 1070 BCE
New Kingdom Egypt
Approximately c.1550-1070 BCE
After second Intermediate Period
Impressive rock tombs
Military expansion (Syrians invaded in the Intermediate Period) -
1500 BCE
Art of the Pacific
The first Art of the Pacific piece was created during 1500 BC
Was influenced by local social structures and external influences
The locations of the artwork are on islands -
1353 BCE
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters
New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty
c.1353-1335 B.C.E.
Limestone -
Period: 1353 BCE to 1335 BCE
The Amarna Period
C.1353-1335 BCE
Akhenaten (also known as Amenhotep IV)
Instituted monotheistic worship of the sun disk, Aten
Moved capital to Amarna -
Period: 900 BCE to 600 BCE
Assyrian
900-600 B.C.E
A major ancient Mesopotamian civilization -
Period: 900 BCE to 700 BCE
Geometric Period
900 - 700 B.C.E.
Small scale bronzes
Figures restricted to registers -
Period: 800 BCE to 500 BCE
Etruscan
Approx. 800-500 B.C.E. (Same as the Archaic Period in Greece
Has motion and vitality (full of life)
Captured the feeling or essence of their subjects
Relaxed
Naturalistic figures
Temples
Wood with statues on the roof
Necropolises -
720 BCE
Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II
Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq)
Neo-Assyrian c.720-705 B.C.E.
Alabaster -
Period: 700 BCE to 600 BCE
Orientalizing
700-600 B.C.E.
Result of exposure to Egypt and the Near East
Exotic imagery and composite creatures
Figures begin to break out of registers -
Period: 600 BCE to 480 BCE
Archaic
600 - 480 B.C.E.
Sculptures include kouros and kore figures
Characterized by the “Archaic Smile”
Stylized, geometric hair
Rigid, grid format similar to the Egyptian canon of proportions
Pottery includes black and red figured vase painting
Persian Wars 500-480 B.C.E. -
Period: 559 BCE to 331 BCE
Persian
559-331 B.C.E -
530 BCE
Anavysos Kouros
Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble with remnants of paint -
520 BCE
Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes
Persepolis, Iran
Persian
c.520-465 B.C.E.
Limestone -
520 BCE
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
Etruscan
c.520 B.C.E.
Terracotta -
Period: 509 BCE to 27 BCE
Republican Period
509 - 27 B.C.E.
Highly stratified society: patricians lorded over plebeians, paterfamilias lorded over wives and children
“Dignitas” - dignity, status, honor, popularity, importance
Copied Classical Greek
Subjects: mythology, gods, battles, emperors -
500 BCE
Buddhism
5th Century B.C.E - now
Has four noble truths
It originated in India but later spread throughout Asia -
Period: 480 BCE to 450 BCE
Severe (Early Classical)
480 - 450 B.C.E.
Bridges change in sculpture from relatively stiff Archaic figure to the more realistically active Classical figure
Large freestanding sculptures with figures shown in movement.
Contrapposto shown for the first time (weight shift) -
Period: 450 BCE to 400 BCE
Classical
450 - 400 B.C.E.
The Golden Age of Greece
“High point” of Greek art and architecture. Figures are idealized, with expressionless faces.
Proportion and symmetry are emphasized -
427 BCE
Victory (Nike) adjusting her sandal
Temple of Athena Nike (Acropolis)
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Period: 400 BCE to 320 BCE
4th Century (Late Classical)
400 - 320 B.C.E.
Alexander the Great becomes king of Macedonia, 336 B.C.E.
Alexander defeats Persian king Darius III at the Battle of Issus, 333 B.C.E.
Alexander dies in Babylon, 323 B.C.E.
Sculptors attempt more difficult, unique poses for their figures -
Period: 320 BCE to 30 BCE
Hellenistic
320 - 30 B.C.E.
Macedonia becomes a Roman province, 146 B.C.E.
Ends with the fall of Egypt, last fortification of Hellenistic rule to Romans in 31 - 30 B.C.E.
Period initiated by the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Art of this period encompasses extremes, from works that are naturalistic to other pieces that are overly idealized with an emphasis on drama, violence and emotionalism. -
250 BCE
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
Late Imperial Roman
c.250 C.E.
Marble. -
Period: 193 BCE to 237 BCE
Late Empire
193-237 C.E.
Age of confidence is replaced by a time of troubles
Civil unrest
Military defeats
Economy in decline
Pivotal time - pagan ancient world transformed into Christian Middle Ages -
100 BCE
Alexander mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompeii
Republican Roman
c.100 B.C.E.
Mosaic -
100 BCE
Seated Boxer
Hellenistic Greek
C.100 B.C.E.
Bronze -
27 BCE
High Empire
27 BC
The Roman Empire began with the reign of Emperor Augustus -
27 BCE
Early Empire
27 B.C.E -
400
Buddha
Bamiyan, Afghanistan
Gandharan
c. 400-800 C.E.
(destroyed in 2001)
Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint -
500
Gold and jade crown
Three Kingdoms Period
Silla Kingdom, Korea
Fifth to sixth century C.E.
Metalwork -
610
Islamic
Created by Muhammad
Created during 610 C.E -
1000
Travelers among Mountains and Streams
Fan Kuan
c. 1000 C.E.
Ink and colors on silk -
1000
African Art
Beginning c.1000 C.E
Art is less about realistic representation and more about expression
Due to reliance on oral tradition, most artworks are unsigned -
1001
Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja)
Hindu
India (Tamil Nadu)
Chola Dynasty
c. 11th century C.E.
Cast bronze -
1200
Hinduism
Has no founder or date of origin
Oldest faith structure in the world
Name comes from the Persian word Hindu meaning river -
1434
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck
c. 1434 C.E.
Oil on wood -
1465
Madonna with Child and Two Angels
Fra Filippo Lippi
c. 1465 C.E.
Tempera on wood -
1494
Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
c. 1494-1498 C.E.
Oil and tempera -
1525
Entombment of Christ
Jacopo da Pontormo
1525-1528 C.E.
Oil on wood -
1538
Venus of Urbino
Titian
c. 1538 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
1541
Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza
Viceroyalty of New Spain
c. 1541-1542 C.E.
Ink and color on paper -
Calling of Saint Matthew
Caravaggio
c. 1597-1601 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei
Master of Calamarca (La Paz School)
c. 17th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Taj Mahal
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Masons, marble workers, mosaicists, and decorators working under the supervision of Ustad Ahmad Lahori, architect of the emperor. 1632-1653 C.E.
Stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious and semiprecious stones; gardens -
Women Holding a Balance
Johannes Vermeer
c. 1664 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Palace at Versailles
Versailles, France
Louis Le Vau & Jules Hardouin-Mansart (architects)
Begun 1669 C.E.
Masonry, stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf (architecture)
Marble and bronze (sculpture -
Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene
Circle of the González Family c. 1697-1701 C.E.
Tempera and resin on wood, shell inlay -
The Virgin of Guadalupe (Virgen de Guadalupe)
Miguel González
c. 1698 C.E.
Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City
16th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl -
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo
Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez
c. 1715 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Miguel Cabrera
c. 1750 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Swing
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
1767 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Monticello
Virginia, U.S.
Thomas Jefferson (architect), 1768-1809 C.E.
Brick, glass, stone and wood -
The Oath of the Horatii
Jacques-Louis David
1784 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Under the Wave off Kanagawa (Kanagawa oki nami ura), also known as the Great Wave, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji
Katsushika Hokusai
1830-1833 C.E.
Polychrome woodblock print; ink and color on paper -
Liberty Leading the People
Eugène Delacroix
1830 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Still Life in Studio
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
1837 C.E.
Daguerreotype -
The Stone Breakers
Gustave Courbet
1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945)
Oil on canvas -
The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de México desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel)
Jose María Velasco
1882 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan
Artist unknown
Based on an oil painting by Liu Chunhua
c. 1969 C.E.
Color lithograph