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1350
Woodcut Block Printing
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Period: Jan 1, 1378 to Apr 6, 1444
Robert Campin
One of the great Flemish master painters.
known during the Renaissance for his Triptych painting -
1440
Invention of the Printing Press
Revolutionary invention by Johannes Gutenburg that allowed books to be widely spread and available. -
1450
Copper Engraving
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Period: May 6, 1452 to May 22, 1519
Leonardo Da Vinci
A Renaissance Master
Talented artist, engineer, sculptor, scientist, etc.
His patrons were the Medici of Florence, Cesare Borgia (who was the Pope's illegitimate son), the Duke of Milan, and King Francis I of Milan.
He was able to work above the guilds due to his sponsorships. Some famous works:
Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Vitruvian Man -
Period: 1460 to 1550
Woodcuts used to illustrate books
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Period: Mar 6, 1475 to Feb 18, 1564
Michelangelo Buanaroti
A famous Renaissance artist.
His patrons were the Medici of Florence, Pope Julius II, and Pope Leo X.
Like Da Vinci, he was able to work above the guild system due to his high profile. Some famous works:
Pieta
David
Sistine Chapel -
1513
Etching
Urs Graf -
Jan 1, 1563
Academies begin to open
many artists are dissatisfied with the restraints of the Guild. They also believe the guild to be beneath them. -
Period: to
Charles Le Brun
First painter to king Louis XIV
Founding member and director of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.
Manager of Gobelins Manufacture
Keeper of the King's Pictures Well known Works:
Queen of Persia at the feet of Alexander the Great
Statues for park at Versailles
93 Carpets -
Palace of Versailles is constructed
The main royal residence of the French kings
King Louis XIV
King Louis XV
Charles Le Brun -
Period: to
Reign of King Louis XIV of France
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Royal Gobelins Manufactory established
Paris, France -
Period: to
Francois Boucher
Director of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
Director of Gobelins Manufacture
First painter to King Louis XV
Rococo Artist -
Period: to
John Baskerville
•Highly skilled writer
•made a fortune from the opportunity he saw surrounding Japanwear
• began to produce books with his lettering (made for the elite)
• was hated by many other printers due to jealousy
•after his death, his typeface was revived and is now iconic -
Meissen Royal Porcelain Manufactory founded
Created Porcelain pieces for the wealthy and high class -
Period: to
Reign of King Louis XV
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Period: to
Josiah Wedgwood
•Regarded as a founding father of the Industrial Revolution
•Created a ver successful and famous company around his ceramic wear
• Won a competition hosted by the queen
•reformed the entire British transport system by building canals -
Royal Porcelain Manufacture at Sevres established
France -
Neoclassicism begins
Neoclassicism is inspired by the art of Rome and Greece in antiquity. The movement peaked in the 1780s and lasted until around the 1850s.
Washington DC is based off of neoclassicism. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Increased Production and productivity through standardization, division of labour, use of semi skilled/unskilled workers, use of machinery and steam power, and mobility. -
Aquatint
Jean Baptiste Le Prince -
Period: to
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
•Architect, city planner, and painter
• One of the most prominent architects in Germany.
•Neoclassical and Gothic Revival style Some well known works:
Gothic Cathedral by the River
Medieval City
Berlin Concert Hall
Old Museum Berlin
Friedrichwerder Church -
The Times Newspaper is founded
Founded in London in 1785 -
Anti Slavery Medalion
Designed by Henry Webb and created by Wedgwood.
Produced for the Committee for Abolition of Slave trade. -
Lithography
Invented by Alois Senefelder, a german inventor and printmaker. The invention of lithography and chromolithography allows for the use of many colors. It also leads into the need for brand image development -
Invention to produce paper rolls
A machine was invented to produce paper rolls to make wallpaper as well as as mass produce newspapers -
Period: to
Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte
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Completion of the White House
Designed by James Hoban and built from 1792-1800. The White House is built in Neoclassical architecture style. -
Period: to
Joseph Paxton
A known designer of greenhouses who was called upon to build his design of the Crystal Palace. He built the Crystal Palace from 1850-1851 using mainly glass, wood, and iron. -
Period: to
Napoleonic Wars
During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon orders his soldiers to take paintings from defeated countries (including the Vatican).
Because of the bloody nature of the wars and disrespect for countries, artists began to appreciate their culture and home countries more. -
Period: to
Henry Cole
Civil servant, Inventor, interest in commerce and manufactory, member of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacture, and Commerce -
Period: to
Owen Jones
• 1854 Crystal Palace moves to Sydenham
• Grand Courts: History of Design and Ornament
• Publishes a book called Grammar of Ornament in 1856. His book has 112 Chromolithographic plates and showcases many different patterns from around the world. He also compares and contrasts the patterns, showing many possibilities. The book ends with naturalism. -
Period: to
Augustus Pugin
English Architect, designer, artist, and critic.
Pioneer of Gothic Revival architecture.
Valued unity of design, respect for craftsmanship, balance between utility and beauty, and christian architecture. Some Known works:
Contrasts
St. Giles Church
Palace of Westminster -
Period: to
Ralph Wornum
• taught courses in history of style.
• Director of the National Gallery London (founded 1828) in 1855
• Published volume called Analysis of Ornament - Characteristics of Style.
• known for his statement that ornament is an accessory to, and not the substitute of, the useful. -
Period: to
Charles Dickens
British novelist of the Victorian era.
Oliver Twist (1827-1839)
A Christmas Carrol (1843)
David Copperfield (1849-1850)
Hard Times (1854) -
Period: to
John Ruskin
• English art critic of the Victorian era
• moral, ethical, and spiritual values
• against the division of labor and machine production as he blamed materialism for the poverty and inequality of the people.
• against separation of art and design
• the first art history professor at oxford Notable works:
The Stones of Venice -
Period: to
Victorian Period (reign of Queen Victoria)
Victorian design is eclectic, not unified stylistically, and there is more interest in decorative parts. Victorian interiors were known for having an abundance of different styles. -
Founding of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
A fellowship of artists that sought to return to the simplicity of early Italian painting. Included artists such as John Ruskin, William Morris, Charles Robert Ashby, and Archibald Knox.
• Anti capitalists -
Period: to
The Great Exhibition
Sponsored by Prince Albert and held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, The Great Exhibition was a big success.
• Showcased machinery, manufactures, fine arts, and raw materials from around the world. The Exhibition also had more than 14,000 exhibitors and brought about 6 million visitors.
• Represented many different countries, exposing the British to different cultures and wealths and inciting competition.
• Introduced many new aesthetics and designs.
• Began a trend for other countries -
Le Bon Marche opens
Opens in Paris, France
• The first department store. The advent of the department store leads to more Industrialized consumerism and mass production. It also leads to the emergence of the female shopper.
• Hosts everything from home goods, furnishings, fashion articles, to restaurants -
Gallery of False Principles
Exhibit created by Henry Cole which showcased the difference between good and bad designs. Also showcased Naturalism. -
Universal Exposition of Paris
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Period: to
Gustav Stickley
The Craftsman, 1901-1916 - promotes the ideas of William Morris. Stickley furniture becomes known as the Craftsman furniture -
Period: to
Arts and Crafts Movement
emerged in response to the European Industrial Revolution.
Believed in quality craftsmanship, nature as inspiration, and the value of beauty. -
Great London International Exhibition
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Period: to
Frank Loyd Wright
An American architect.
He was not a fan of the typical American houses with two stories, a basement, porches, etc. He believed they were too gaudy.
Therefore, he created prairie houses. He strongly believed in individualism and was a proponent of the unity between architecture and nature. Notable houses:
Moore House
Praire School
Robbie House -
World exposition of Vienna
Featured separate buildings. -
Centennial International Exhibition in Philadelphia
Featured the women's Pavilion and part of the Statue of Liberty. -
Universal Exhibition in Paris
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Galleria Vittorio Emanuele opens
Extravagant shopping area / galleria that opened.
New gathering places for the Bourgeois and attractions for visitors and tourists.
the blueprint for department stores -
Universal Exposition of Barcelona
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Universal Exposition in Paris
Showed the beginning construction of the Eiffel tower. -
World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago
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Worlds Fair (in Paris)
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Selfridges opens
Famous department store in London opened up by Harry Selfridge.
Known for good merchandising and advertising
