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Period: Jan 1, 1300 to
The Renaissance
A period of revival for Roman culture and incredible progress in art techniques and works -
Period: Jul 20, 1304 to Jul 19, 1374
Petrarch
Life of Francesco Petrarch -
Dec 31, 1420
Dome of Florence Cathedral
Brunelleschi wins a competition to construct a cover for the massive structure that is the dome of the Florence Cathedral. -
Dec 31, 1440
Bronze David
Sculpted by Donatello in c. 1440, a predecessor of the masterpiece sculpted by Michelangelo in the early 1550s. -
Jan 1, 1450
The Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press is completed. It is a machine that presses paper against a tray full
of inked movable type. Allowed for the quick spread of literature, ergo new ideas. Also helped many become more literate and have better access to literature, such as The Bible. -
Period: Apr 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519
Da Vinci
The life of Leonardo da Vinci. -
Jan 1, 1512
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Started 1508. -
Jan 1, 1516
Utopia
Thomas Moore publishes Utopia c.1516. It describes a community on an island somewhere beyond Europe, where all children receive a good education, where there is religious tolerance, and all institutions are perfect, making dissent and disagreement unacceptable. This affected and inspired the early communists much later on. -
Jan 1, 1517
Mona Lisa is "completed"
Painted by Leonardo da Vinci, this infamous and hotly debated portrait of a mystery woman is one of, if not the, most well-known works of Leonardo. Started c. 1503. -
Oct 31, 1517
Ninety-five Theses
Luther writes his Ninety-five Theses and supposedly nails them to the doors of the church. In these there are statements concerning indulgences and other matters with the Catholic Church which Luther did not agree with. These theses sparked the Reformation, and what allowed for people to see the reason in what Luther preached. -
Dec 31, 1528
The Courtier
Written by Baldassare Castiglione. Demonstrated the proper manners and behavior that should be present in the Renaissance man and woman. It was widely read, and was looked upon by many who wanted to climb the social hierarchy. -
Jan 1, 1532
The Prince
Written by political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli which argues the "use" of a ruler. A running theme throughout this work is that, as a prince, it is "better to be feared than loved." It stated that to preserve a state, a ruler should use whatever means he needs. -
Dec 31, 1551
David by Michelangelo
A marble statue of a standing male nude sculpted by Michelangelo, regarded as a masterpiece of the Renaissance. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Elizabethan/Shakespearean Era
England is graced by Elizabeth I and William Shakespeare. -
Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare publishes his famous "Romeo and Juliet". -
Period: to
Baroque
A European style of paintings that used extreme forms of lighting and dramatics. Baroque, possibly coming from the Portuguese word for an "odd-shaped, imperfect, pearl", this style of painting was used by the Church to counter the Reformation. Consequently, almost all paintings usually included a religious message. -
The Elevation of the Cross
By Peter Paul Rubens. -
Period: to
Isaac Newton
English scientists during the Scientific Revolution. He is considered one of the best scientists to ever live. Established the Law of Universal Gravitation, which states that all objects are attracted to one another, and that attraction equals quantity of matter. He also established the Three Laws of Motions. He liked to combine the experimental and the theoretical-mathematical sides of science. He was also very religious. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The influential intellectual and cultural movement of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that introduced a new worldview based on the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress. -
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Written by Isaac Newton, it is known as the most influential book on not only physics, but all of science. It informed people about all the concepts of physics, not including energy. Tells about the three laws of motion. Robert Hooke was outraged because he claimed Newton stole his ideas. -
Versailles
Louis XIV makes his final renovations to the palace of Versailles. -
Period: to
Neo-Classical Period
A revival of classical antiquity, hence its similarity to Grecian and Roman art. -
Candide
Voltaire publishes Candide, a satire of both his and historical times. -
The Social Contract by Rousseau
Book written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In this he states that general will is sacred and that society allows for creation of corporations and gives them special rights so therefor corporations are responsible to society. -
Encyclopédie
Volumes of books written and edited by Diderot (and Jean le Rond d'Alembert) which was a summary of all knowledge. All known knowledge was supposedly contained in these publishings. The French government banned these books, but many copies were still sold. Simple things were explained there, anything one could think of. Published in France between 1751 and 1772 -
Wealth of Nations
Written by Adam Smith that argued for a "free market economy." -
POEM of Ode an die Freude (Ode to Joy)
Words taken by Beethoven later on to be made into his 9th Symphony. -
What is the Third Estate?
Abbé Sieyès publishes this in the heat French Revolution. Despite he himself being a clergyman, ergo part of the first estate, Abbé Sieyès advocated for the Third Estate, claiming in this work that the Third Estate is everything. -
The Louvre
The Louvre opens as the Museum Central des Arts -
Period: to
Romantic Era
A revolutionary movement focused on reflection philosophical and intellectual change in artwork -
Beethoven's last piece of Symphony No. 5
Beethoven completes his masterpiece, Symphony No. 5. This work reverbetated through the ages, being well-known in name by many to this day. -
Period: to
Emmergance of Modern art
Emergence of Modern Art, a prevalence of exaggeration over academic traditionalism -
Period: to
Impressionism
Modernist artistic movement that portrayed artists sensory "impressions". Stresses the use color and capturing a fleeting moment rather than heavy detail of an object. Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, and Mary Cassatt were leading artists of this movement. -
Period: to
Life of Matisse
Expressionist painter who created vivid collages and bright colors. Style was based on taking away from real forms of objects. His innovative artstyle defined the direction of modern art, thus marking him as one of modern art's most important figures. -
Impression, Sunrise
By Claude Monet. One of his most well-known paintings and perfect example of the impressionist artstyle. -
Period: to
Life of Picasso
A leading Cubist painter from Spain. On top of being one of the greatest artists of the modern period, he was also a sculptor and playwright. He also had two other "periods", which are labeled as "rose" and "blue". Iconic works include Guernica. He is the most well known of the Cubist painters. -
Guernica
Pablo Picasso paints Guernica, which depicts the bombing of a Basque village in northern Spain.
