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A period of revival for Roman culture and incredible progress in art techniques and works
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Life of Francesco Petrarch
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Brunelleschi wins a competition to construct a cover for the massive structure that is the dome of the Florence Cathedral.
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Sculpted by Donatello in c. 1440, a predecessor of the masterpiece sculpted by Michelangelo in the early 1550s.
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Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press is completed. It is a machine that presses paper against a tray full
of inked movable type. Allowed for the quick spread of literature, ergo new ideas. Also helped many become more literate and have better access to literature, such as The Bible. -
The life of Leonardo da Vinci.
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Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Started 1508.
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Thomas Moore publishes Utopia c.1516. It describes a community on an island somewhere beyond Europe, where all children receive a good education, where there is religious tolerance, and all institutions are perfect, making dissent and disagreement unacceptable. This affected and inspired the early communists much later on.
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Painted by Leonardo da Vinci, this infamous and hotly debated portrait of a mystery woman is one of, if not the, most well-known works of Leonardo. Started c. 1503.
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Luther writes his Ninety-five Theses and supposedly nails them to the doors of the church. In these there are statements concerning indulgences and other matters with the Catholic Church which Luther did not agree with. These theses sparked the Reformation, and what allowed for people to see the reason in what Luther preached.
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Written by Baldassare Castiglione. Demonstrated the proper manners and behavior that should be present in the Renaissance man and woman. It was widely read, and was looked upon by many who wanted to climb the social hierarchy.
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Written by political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli which argues the "use" of a ruler. A running theme throughout this work is that, as a prince, it is "better to be feared than loved." It stated that to preserve a state, a ruler should use whatever means he needs.
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A marble statue of a standing male nude sculpted by Michelangelo, regarded as a masterpiece of the Renaissance.
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England is graced by Elizabeth I and William Shakespeare.
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William Shakespeare publishes his famous "Romeo and Juliet".
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A European style of paintings that used extreme forms of lighting and dramatics. Baroque, possibly coming from the Portuguese word for an "odd-shaped, imperfect, pearl", this style of painting was used by the Church to counter the Reformation. Consequently, almost all paintings usually included a religious message.
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By Peter Paul Rubens.
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English scientists during the Scientific Revolution. He is considered one of the best scientists to ever live. Established the Law of Universal Gravitation, which states that all objects are attracted to one another, and that attraction equals quantity of matter. He also established the Three Laws of Motions. He liked to combine the experimental and the theoretical-mathematical sides of science. He was also very religious.
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The influential intellectual and cultural movement of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that introduced a new worldview based on the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress.
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Written by Isaac Newton, it is known as the most influential book on not only physics, but all of science. It informed people about all the concepts of physics, not including energy. Tells about the three laws of motion. Robert Hooke was outraged because he claimed Newton stole his ideas.
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Louis XIV makes his final renovations to the palace of Versailles.
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A revival of classical antiquity, hence its similarity to Grecian and Roman art.
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Voltaire publishes Candide, a satire of both his and historical times.
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Book written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In this he states that general will is sacred and that society allows for creation of corporations and gives them special rights so therefor corporations are responsible to society.
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Volumes of books written and edited by Diderot (and Jean le Rond d'Alembert) which was a summary of all knowledge. All known knowledge was supposedly contained in these publishings. The French government banned these books, but many copies were still sold. Simple things were explained there, anything one could think of. Published in France between 1751 and 1772
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Written by Adam Smith that argued for a "free market economy."
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Words taken by Beethoven later on to be made into his 9th Symphony.
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Abbé Sieyès publishes this in the heat French Revolution. Despite he himself being a clergyman, ergo part of the first estate, Abbé Sieyès advocated for the Third Estate, claiming in this work that the Third Estate is everything.
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The Louvre opens as the Museum Central des Arts
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A revolutionary movement focused on reflection philosophical and intellectual change in artwork
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Beethoven completes his masterpiece, Symphony No. 5. This work reverbetated through the ages, being well-known in name by many to this day.
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Emergence of Modern Art, a prevalence of exaggeration over academic traditionalism
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Modernist artistic movement that portrayed artists sensory "impressions". Stresses the use color and capturing a fleeting moment rather than heavy detail of an object. Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, and Mary Cassatt were leading artists of this movement.
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Expressionist painter who created vivid collages and bright colors. Style was based on taking away from real forms of objects. His innovative artstyle defined the direction of modern art, thus marking him as one of modern art's most important figures.
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By Claude Monet. One of his most well-known paintings and perfect example of the impressionist artstyle.
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A leading Cubist painter from Spain. On top of being one of the greatest artists of the modern period, he was also a sculptor and playwright. He also had two other "periods", which are labeled as "rose" and "blue". Iconic works include Guernica. He is the most well known of the Cubist painters.
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Pablo Picasso paints Guernica, which depicts the bombing of a Basque village in northern Spain.
