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1948 War
Israel declared independence. Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq attack Israel. Israel gained land. Egypt gained the Gaza Strip and Jordan gained the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians and Jews became refugees. -
Six Day War
Egypt blockaded Israel. Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq moved troops to Israel's borders and made threatening statements. Israel launched a premptive strike. Israel captured the West Bank and East Jerusalam from Jordan, the Golan Heights from Syria and the Gaza strip and all of the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.More Palestians and Jews became refugees. Terrorism became more common. -
Attrition Battle
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Attrition Battles
War broke out again. Arab nations refuse to make peace with the Israeli. PLO relentlessly attacks Israeli civilian camps and military personnel. Egypt started small scale attacks towards Israel until 1970. Israel gained land from Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Israel successfully evicted PLO out of their country, forcing PLO to move Lebanon. -
Settlement Reconstruction
Israeli Government builds Jewish villages in Sinai, Gaza and the West Bank in order to prevent further attacks and protect Jews. Approximately, 3,200 Jews in 1976. Settlements intrude upon a future Palestine country. Protecting the settlements leeches on the Israeli military and make local travel difficult. Now 300,000 Israeli live in Palestinian lands -
Yom Kippur War
In 1973, Egypt and Syria join forces and attack Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. Arab forces succeed but then are driven back again by the Israeli military. Israel then occupies some of the surrounding Arab nations. The USA convinces Israel to withdraw from these other countries. Israel retained the countries they had invaded in 1967, but returned everything else that was recently gained. More lives lost. -
Egypt and Israel Sign a Peace Agreement
Egypt becomes the first nation to officially recognize Israel as a nation after negotiations with the US and ended hostility between the countries after Egyptian President Anwar Sadat realized how much of a drain the war was on his country's economy and people. Israel gave Egypt all land that they conquered from them and removed Jewish settlements in Egyptian lands. This agreement helped influence the Jewish “land -for-peace” agreements that would eventually spring up. -
The 1982 Lebanon War (June 1982
PLO units continued their attacks on Israel. Israel fights back and pushes into Lebanon. Israel’s troop made it as far as Beirut and successfully defended their country a 4th time. Israeli troops expelled PLO leaders out of Lebanon to Tunisia. The whole process was very costly and threw Israel into the Lebanese civil war. Israel withdrew troops in June 1985, but still remained in southern Lebanon to prevent further attacks. -
The First Intifada
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The First Intifada (December 1987-September 1993)
Palestinian rebels, supplied by the PLO, attacked the Israeli occupation in Gaza and the West Strip with suicide bombs and firearms in addition to improvised weapons. Israeli soldiers, not used to fighting in guerilla warfare, defended themselves mediocrely. Many Palestinian and Israeli lives lost. Palestinians say too many lives, Israeli citizens say too little lives. -
The Oslo Accords
A set of agreements (Declaration of Principles) signed in 1993 between Israel and the PLO. Signed and created to ensure that the Palestinians got land back and that the Israeli would be safe/have peace. Ended The First Intifada and created the Palestinian Authority. Meaning that Palestine could now start governing Gaza and the West Strip. Israel agreed to remove most of their military occupations. Israel and Palestinians finally fully recognize each other. -
Israel and Jordan sign a Peace Treaty
With help from USA’s diplomats, Jordan and Israel create a peace treaty. Jordan becomes the 2nd Arab nation to agree to recognize Israel as an actual country. Tourism, trade, scientific cooperation and business relations between the two countries resumes again, but at a very slow rate. -
Construction of the West Bank Barrier
Israel wanted a barrier that would separate citizens from terrorist groups. Some people dislike the barrier because it cuts off easy access to Palestine. Many people work or study on the other side of the barrier so it makes it a hassle to get to those places. The amount of suicide bombings and other attacks on Israel from the terrorist groups has dramatically decreased. -
The Camp David Summit
President Bill Clinton meet with the Israeli Prime Minister and the President of Palestine to try and reach an agreement between the two countries. President Yasser Arafat refused to compromise with Prime minister Ehud Barak, despite Barak promising more land and less of a military occupation in Palestine. The goal of peace was refused and more conflict between Palestine and Israel continued -
The Second Intifada
After the Israeli General Ariel Sharon visited a Palestinian Temple, the Palestinians viewed this as suggestive and ominous, others were offended. Israel assured everyone that this was a peaceful visit meant to encourage positive relations. Palestinians again began civilian targeted terrorist attacks. Misery from both sides of the countries erupted once more many innocent lives were lost. Israel once again invaded parts of Palestine to keep the peace and diffuse the violence.
Still happening. -
Arab Peace Initiative is Proposed
Offered Israel complete peace. In return, Saudi Arabia wanted all the land gained by Israel after 1967 War returned. They also wanted an independent Palestine in which Jerusalem was the capital. Israel accepts the initiative but still refutes some of the ideas. Mostly, they refute the idea to give up all of their gained territories. This is the first step towards peace in the Middle East. It also showed people that Israel was willing to open up to peace. -
The Roadmap of Peace is Proposed
A plan for peace that was suggested by the Quartet. The plan was broken up into 3 steps and would result in a safe Israel and a separate Palestine. When the Hamas were elected, all advancements on the plan were halted, hence why the plan has not made it passed the first phase. In November of 2007 the plan was put back into motion but there has been no progress yet. This is another step closer to peace in the Middle East. Although it was shot down for a couple years, Israel opened up to it. -
Israel Disengages from Gaza
Israel’s Prime Minister decided that they should disconnect from the Gaza Strip. He had not consulted with any other countries nor did he care what the people living there though. Citizens of the West Bank and other Israeli protested this but the Prime Minister went on with it anyway. As a result, the number of rockets launched from Gaza into Israel has increased dramatically. -
Hamas is Elected
A majority of the members that were elected belonged to the Hamas. In the previous years it had mostly been the PLO that had been elected. When the Hamas came to power they were seeking to ignore the Palestine-Israel agreements and to destroy Israel. As a result, many nations broke alliances and stopped supporting Palestine. -
The 2006 Lebanon War
The Hezbollah were focussed on terminating Israel. To start the Second Lebanon War, they crossed over the Israeli border and attacked an army unit. In return, Israel shot rockets and sent troops to where they thought the Hezbollah were. However, the Hezbollah used urban towns as their bases to prevent attack. Israel did not care and killed many civilians along with the Hezbollah. As a result of the war, many civilians were killed. This prompted the UN to cease the fire. -
Battle of Gaza
There had already been a large amount of suspension between Hamas and the PLO. When Hamas was elected the tension went too far and a war broke out. This resulting in the Hamas government being terminated. This war resulted in the end of the Hamas government. Today, Hamas only rules Gaza while the Palestinian Authority rules the West Bank. -
Gaza War
Israel attack Hamas to try and stop their terrorist attacks. The attack was successful in the way that it killed many of the Hamas and destroyed their rockets and weapons. However, the attack was also a slight failure because of where they attack. The Hamas was located in a very urban area meaning there were many civilians around. A large amount of them were killed in the attack. A large effect of this attack was the killing of many innocent civilians. -
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Gaza War
Israel attack Hamas to try and stop their terrorist attacks. The attack was successful in the way that it killed many of the Hamas and destroyed their rockets and weapons. However, the attack was also a slight failure because of where they attack. The Hamas was located in a very urban area meaning there were many civilians around. A large amount of them were killed in the attack. -
Gaza Flotilla
Israel and Egypt began a blockade off the coast of Gaza. They demanded to inspect all goods on the ships before they were sent into Gaza. One Turkish ship refused. Israel sent commandos onto the ship. The commandos took control of the ship and navigated it towards the port for inspection. The attack on the Turkish ship diminished the bond that Israel and Turkey had. Before the incident they were allies. -
Arab Spring
Before 2011 no Arab state had a democracy. In 2010 citizens began protesting. These protests became known as the Arab Spring. Protests were happening all over the Arab world. The protests caused the presidents of Tunisia and Egypt to resign. Because the Arab Spring happened so recently, the long term effects of it are still unclear.
