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1200
European Feudalism
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe adopted a decentralized system of governing called "Feudalism." During this time Asia was advancing very quickly resulting in new forms of technology and ideas, while Europe struggled to recover. After about 100 years, Europe recovers and adopts new ideas and technology equal to Asia. -
1200
The Song Dynasty
A Chinese Dynasty that was commonly divided into Northern and Southern Song periods (Bei and Nan). The Song Dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, this lead to the decentralization of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms period. The Song Dynasty ruled parts of China for over three centuries, their downfall ended in 1279, when the Mongols invaded China. -
1200
"The Middle East's Caliphate"
The Abbasid caliphate was founded in the fertile crescent, known today as the middle east. The Abbasid caliphate was governed through an absolute monarchy with the caliph being the ruler. The national religion was Islam, being influenced throughout the government, and even with the caliph practicing Islam. In 1258 the Islam dynasty fell after a Mongol invasion. -
1200
The Tang Dynasty
An imperial dynasty of china founded by Tang Kao Tsu. The Tang dynasty ruled for over 289 years. The capital at the time was Luoyang, located in the present-day Henan Province. During the time of the dynasty's rule, china went through many scientific and technological advancements such as medicine, cartography, and even woodblock printing with ink. The fall of the dynasty resulted in Zhu Wen: a military general, killing Emperor Ai of Tang. This resulted in the Sung Dynasty. -
1206
The Mongol Empire
Emerging during the time of The Delhi Sultanate, it was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. Originating in present-day Mongolia, the Mongols were nomadic people with new ways of war such as Bowmen on Horseback. The Mongol Empire is known as the largest known land empire today reaching from Eastern Europe in the west, and all the way to present-day China and South Asia in the east. The Mongol Empire was a Religiously tolerant nation like The Delhi Sultanate with Buddhism being the largest religion. -
1207
Islam in Northern India
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire established in Northern India by Qutb al-Din Aibak in 1207; around the time when the Mongol Empire was founded. The Delhi Sultanate of India was a religiously tolerant nation with the Muslim majority ruling over the Hindu majority. During the period of The Delhi Sultanate, cultural and religious intermixing occurred causing new cultures and religions to form such as Sikhism. Sikhism is a Islam-Hindu religion with influences from Islam and Hinduism. -
1235
"Mali East Africa"
The Mali Empire was a majority Islamic society, located along the Upper Niger River. Mansa Musa, the richest man in the world, established the Mali Empire as a major gold-trading outpost. As more trading happened in Africa, came the spread of religion through Ibn Bututta and other merchants and missionaries. This influenced Africa in a way, making most of East Africa Islamic. The Mali Empire eventually collapsed in the 1460s by many civil wars and revolts. -
1271
The Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty spanned throughout most of modern-day China reaching to Southern Russia, Burma, Korea and some of present-day Mongolia. The Yuan Dynasty was the first foreign- led dynasty. Established between by Kublai Khan of the Mongol empire the Yuan Dynasty became a very vast nation quickly covering much of Southeast Asia. After loosing it's Mongol roots it fell to internal rebellion. -
1299
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was a state and caliphate that controlled much of southeast europe, northern africa, and some of western asia. Osman I founded The Ottoman Empire, conquering Constantinople as the state capital, present-day Istanbul. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak in 1566 under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent. The Ottoman Empire became religiously tolerant accepting Christianity into Muslim society. After WWI The Ottoman Empire fell, resulting in the foundation of Turkey. -
1342
"The Black Death"
"The Black Death" was a devastating pandemic that arrived in europe in 1347.The disease was caused by a bacteria that fleas carried, but the carriers were really rats, who carried the infected fleas. People found out that the reason why it spread so quickly was that sailors and ships would be covered in it, make it spread from port-town to port-town very quickly. The black death is still around today but can be treated with simple antibiotics. There are still 1,000-3,000 cases in america a year. -
1350
The European Renaissance
Following "The Middle Ages" the european renaissance was a period of european cultural, artistic, political, and economic "rebirth." From the 14th century to the 17th century the renaissance idealized the rediscovery of literature, art, and classical philosophy. While global expansion opened the world up to new ideas, and culturals the renaissance is credited with being the gap between "The Middle Ages" and today's modern-day civilization. -
1368
The Ming Dynasty
Ming dynasty founder Emperor Taizu was one of military discipline and respect of authority, with a fierce sense of justice. If his officials did not kneel down to him, he had them beaten. The Ming dynasty today is known for its trade expansion to the western world, leading to cultural ties to the outside world. By 1577, the tribute system was replaced by Maritime Trade which had china trading Silk and porcelain. The last Ming emperor committed suicide in 1644 giving rise to the Qing Dynasty. -
1400
Mesoamerica
The Aztec (Mexico) and the Inca (South America) were the two most prominent civilizations in mesoamerica. The Aztec built chinampas on water for easier cultivating and land use, while the Inca in South America built vast road networks throughout the Andes mountains, for better transportation and trade. Both civilizations were very advanced using technology such as the Aztec's sun calendar; and the Inca's terrace farming which made cultivating easier on cliffs and mountain sides. . -
1492
The Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire emerged around the time of "The Age of Exploration." Other than the British Overseas territories the Spanish empire was the largest maritime empire with taking influence in Mexico, Central America, and South America. Today the spanish empire still exists but with small territories and a few sovereign countries to the Spanish crown. The Spanish empire used to be governed through an Absolute Monarchy, now Spain is governed through a Constitutional Monarchy. -
1492
"The Age of Exploration"
The Age of Exploration opened up many doors through the spread of new ideas and the blending of cultures. Through this colonization spiraled through The Spanish and Portuguese Empires and then later The British Empire. It all started with the maiden voyage of Christopher Columbus discovering the new world, and then later wealth, religion, and glory played a major role into Exploration. The Age of Exploration last for over 200 years, establishing new colonies overseas. (Mexico, America, etc.) -
1498
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
An empire established by portuguese mariners. Instead of expansion of territory, the portuguese trading post empire was established to control trade routes, and by forcing merchants to pay wages towards the trading sites. By the mid to late 16th century Portuguese merchants had over 50 different trading posts throughout Africa and Asia. -
1501
The Atlantic Slave Trade
A global slave trade that transported 10 million to 12 million Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It was the second of three stages within "The Triangular Trade." The Dutch became the most prominent provider of the slave trade during parts of the 16th century. At the beginning of the 17th century English and French merchants controlled about half of the transatlantic slave trade taking a large percentage from the west coast of Africa. -
1517
The Protestant Reformation
The religious revolution of the Western church in the 16th century. Martin Luther, and John Calvin the prominent leaders had far-reaching political, economic, and social effect within the Catholic Church. The reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, and Lutheranism two of the major branches of Christianity. -
1526
The Mughal Empire
An Islamic dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the 16th to the mid 18th century. After it slowly began to collapse it continued to exist as a considerably reduced and powerless entity until the mid 19th century. It was notable for its more than two centuries of effective rule over much of India. One goal of the Mughals were to blend Hindu and Islam resulting in Sikhism. -
"Feudal Japan"
Tokugawa Ieyasu the founder of "The Edo Period" or "The Period of Great Peace" established Japan to use the feudal system. During this time Japan was isolated from the rest of the world, establishing new ideas, languages, and a new culture. The island of Japan was governed through an absolute monarchy with the emperor having little power and the shogun having most of the power. Feudal Japan lasted until the late 17th century, when Japan became a Constitutional Monarchy. -
The Qing Dynasty
The last imperial dynasty of China lasting from 1636 to 1912. The Qing dynasty today is known for being the second time that China wasn't ruled under the Han people. Emperor Kangxi ruled for 61 years (1654-1722) the longest ruler from any Chinese monarchy. The 19th century had several conflicts with the western world with "The Opium War" being the first. This caused many conflicts within the dynasty officially ending the empire in 1912, establishing The People's Republic of China. -
The Enlightenment
A european philosophy movement of both the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas revolved around god, reason, nature, and humanity were all examined into another point of view that eventually led to revolutions and other ideas. -
The Industrial Revolution
Beginning in 18th century Britain and eventually spread to the US and the world. From handicraft work to mechanical work and machine manufacturing, The industrial revolution made textiles and other products easier to make, and provided faster manufacturing. -
The American Revolution
The 13 colonies during the 18th century had no representation in parliament and had to pay taxes. The colonist decided to revolt against the british crown, and gave the power to the american people. This resulted in the constitution, and George Washington became the president of the United States, the leader of the people. -
The French Revolution
After the american revolution, the people of France began to revolt wanting the people to have freedom, and to have opportunity. King Louis XVI used poor economic policies which made the french people go crazy. The kingdom of France was ruled by an Absolute Monarchy under King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Through the time of "The Reign of Terror" and the country going bankrupt, King Louis XVI met his death by the guillotine, and soon Marie Antoinette's death, was presumed by guillotine. -
The Haitian Revolution
During the time of The French Revolution, the island nation of Haiti began to revolt due to injustice and the persecution the Haitian people went through. Toussaint L'ouverture led the revolution to gain freedom from France, and to give power to the Haitian people. France had to give up Haiti due to the french revolution happening in europe. -
The Tanzimat Reforms
The vast Ottoman empire started to decline slowly, the sultan introduced multiple reforms such as educational, and political reforms that made the ottoman empire try to modernize. This was very successful leading to the end of the Ottoman empire after WWI. -
The Opium Wars
Happening during the Qing dynasty, the opium wars were introduced by Britain to China. This was one of the major conflicts in China and especially when the emperor became addicted to it. Later this lead to other conflicts such as the Taiping Rebellion. -
The Taiping Rebellion
A major conflict during the Qing dynasty was the Taiping rebellion, The taiping rebellion resulted in the feud between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping heavenly kingdom. It became the most important event in China due to Christianity being brought to China. The rebellion collapsed 14 years later, with the Qing dynasty winning. -
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny or "The Indian Rebellion" was a violent and bloody uprising against british rule in India. This was due to the Hindu soldiers being vegetarian and them not eating pork. The gunpowder bottle was made out of pork. Everytime the soldier used gunpowder they would put the pork in their mouth causing it to go against their religion. This infuriated the soldiers causing them to rebel. This eventually led to India gaining its independence and becoming a sovereign british nation. -
The Meiji Restoration
Ending "The Edo Period" of Japan, Japan became to industrialize very quickly, taking only 50 years. Making people adopt western ideas and clothing. The restoration process collapsed the Shogunate and the Samurais declined. This made the emperor the figurehead of Japan, governing the nation through a Constitutional Monarchy. Soon Japan would join in Imperialism and soon WWI and WWII. -
The Scramble for Africa
The major european powers took over claims in Africa establishing colonies throughout Africa. Britain and French colonies both became the major settlements throughout Africa with Italy, Germany, and other european nations following behind. -
The Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference was a series of negotiations in Germany in which the major european powers met to decide all claims and rights over african lands.
