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XYZ affair
French angered at Jay's treaty and American neutrality. 3 high level Americans meet with 3 low level French officials, terms must be met to official negotiate. Bribe, loan, and apology. Xenophobia against French and Adams builds up military. -
Alien and Sedition acts
limited foreign "aliens" from coming to America and having equal rights. Federalists supported the bills, while democratic-republicans denounced them as unconstitutional abuses of power. -
Quasi War
American and French Navy shoot each other. No official declaration of war. Ends with France-American alliance ending, France honoring American neutrality and peaceful trade restored. -
Virginia + Kentucky Resolution
Condemned the Alien and Sedition acts, claimed that the states had no responsibility to uphold federal policies that are deemed unconstitutional by the states. Created the idea of nullification -
"Revolution of 1800"
First peaceful transfer of power between opposing parties -
Marbury vs. Madison and Judicial Review
Adams loses the election and packs the judicial branch with federalist judges (midnight judges). Marbury was appointed but Madison never sent the appointment, so Marbury sued. It went before the supreme court where Marshall created the power of Judicial review and deemed part of the Judicial act unconstitutional. -
Lousiana Purchase
Jefferson in presidency. Receives an offer from France for lots of land for cheap. Nothing in constitution says the government can buy land. Jefferson uses the Elastic Clause. Huge controversy. -
Tecumseh's Confederation
Only natives left standing to prevent American expansion. Fought to the death to keep their land. -
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War of 1812
Sparked by British aggravations - Impressment
Americans - Honor and expansion
British - Make America a weak client state
Canadians - Not be Americans
Native Americans - Last chance to keep land
America wins because England preoccupied in Europe against Napoleon. "Matter of Marching" -
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Creek War
Creek tribe in the south. Some of the tribe are pro-american, others are anti-American (red sticks). Andrew Jackson wins the war and rises to prominence. 23 million acres of South East Native Land were taken by Americans. No Creeks are spared -
Hartford Convention
Federalists meet; grievances with war of 1812. New Englanders were suffering disproportionally from trade and war in their own theater. Proposals were made to limit Democratic Republican Party. The convention resulted in the death of the Federalist Party. -
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the war of 1812, ended impressment, no land was exchanged. Status quo Antebellum (restoration of land pre-war). America gives up on Canada. -
Lowell system
Mills in New England because it had many fast moving rivers for water power and it had a surplus of workers due to the land shortage. Lowell introduced young women to oversee machines that turned raw cotton into finished textiles -
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Era of "good feelings"
Nationalism:
Political - Federalist Party gone after the Hartford convention; seemingly political unity
Cultural - National Anthem "Star Spangled Banner" by Noah Webster
Economic - Market revolution by 2nd B.U.S. -
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Erie Canal
Connected New York to the Midwest, solidifying NY as an economic center of the US -
Rush Bagot Pact and the Convention of 1818
Treaty between US and Canada (England) to set the boundary. Easing Diplomatic tensions with England. -
Adam Otis Treaty
Border between Spanish land and the Louisiana Territory. US gets Florida. Normalization of diplomacy. -
Tallmadge Amendment
Proposed amendment that would gradually (GRADUALISM) eliminate slavery in the state of Missouri. Northern states supported, Southern states felt threatened as South is already at a disadvantage and this change would make Missouri no longer aligned with Southern economic and political interests. Almost sparked CIVIL WAR. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri wants to enter the nation, but would upset the balance of Slave/Free states. Henry Clay proposes Maine to join with Missouri and every state to the West of Missouri below the line 36"30' would be Slave, and every state above would be free. Jefferson warns this division will remain for the rest of the history of the U.S. due to the physical division. -
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Market Revolution
Industrial Revolution of the US. Explosion of innovation leads to more connection. It is a turning point from an agrarian to a commercial/monetary. Bartering - cash economy. Death of moral economy (work for money now).
Cause: land shortage in NE, people move to cities; innovation
Effect: improved transportation; urbanization; death of moral economy; erosion of putting-out system -
Monroe doctrine
"America's Self Defense Doctrine." Called America the supreme power in the Western Hemisphere over other countries, European or otherwise. Political isolationism, not economic. -
The American System
Henry Clay pushed for a compromise where Tariffs are enacted, infrastructure is constructed, and a 2nd National Bank is created to finance the infrastructure. North and West is happy, South feels excluded and ignored; nothing in its favor. -
Election of 1824
"Corrupt Bargain." A secret meeting between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay where JQA gives Clay Secretary of State position if Clay convinces allies in the House of Reps to elect JQA. Turns JQA from behind Jackson to winning the election, despite Jackson winning the popular vote.