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2nd Great Awakening 1790-1840
This awakening served as an "organizing process" that created a religious and educational infrastructure across the western frontier that encompassed social networks. It can also be described as a religious revival, many of which emphasized human beings dependence upon God. -
Louisiana Purchase
This purchase doubled the size of the U.S., while strengthening the country both materially and strategically. It also gave the U.S. the control of the Mississippi River which was a populated area for farmers to ship there crops, it also ensured that Europeans countries wouldn't try and take the land -
Marbury vs. Madison
The first Supreme Court case to apply the principle of judicial review, the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress that were in conflict with the Constitution. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806
The main objective of this mission was to explore unknown territory.This expedition opened up new territory for the fur and lumber trade and pointed out the best lands for future settlement and agriculture. They also traded with the Natives and affirmed the sovereignty of the U.S. in the region. -
Embargo Act of 1807
Was an attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to prohibit American ships from trading in foreign ports. It was intended to punish Britain and France for interfering with American trade while the two major European powers were at war with each other. Was later appealed in 1809 due to the harsh effect it had on America's economy. -
Battle of the New Orleans 1812-1815
This battle was a great battlefield victory which was a British effort to gain control of a critical American port. It was the last armed engagement between Britain and the U.S. The victory boosted American pride and the Star Spangled Banner was created. -
War of 1812
War a war between France and Britain. It effectively destroyed the Indians ability to resist American expansion east of the Mississippi River. The Treaty of Ghent is what ended this war. -
Treaty of Ghent
This treaty is important because it ended what some Americans called 'The Second War for Independence,' the Revolutionary War, of course, being the first. The treaty stated that all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada. -
Star Spangled Banner
Was written by Francis Scott Key, originally was a poem named "The Defence of Fort McHenry". This song became the nations best loved patriotic songs. Hence why it's the national anthem of the U.S. -
Era of Good Feeling 1815-1825
Marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. -
Antebellum Movement 1815-1861
This era consisted or reform movements on certain issues being the temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions (with prison's purpose re conceived as rehabilitation rather than punishment). It also included westward expansion to the Pacific, a population shift from farms to industrial centers, sectional divisions that ended in civil war and much more. -
American System
This system was created by Senator Henry Clay. This "System" consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture. The purpose of the system was to make opportunities provided by the acquisition of the new lands in the west and ensure that US money benefited US Citizens. -
Panic of 1819
After the War of 1812, banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment. While an 1817 congressional order requiring hard-currency payments for land purchases, and the closing of many factories due to foreign competition. -
Adam Onis Treaty 1819
Under the Onís-Adams Treaty of 1819 (also called the Transcontinental Treaty and ratified in 1821) the United States and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest. In return, the United States recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texas -
Missouri Compromise
This compromise was the effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. This also allowed future states that joined the Union to decide whether they would allow slavery or not through voting. -
Monroe Doctrine
This doctrine basically warned European nations that the U.S. would not tolerate further colonization of American territories. This was the beginning of the U.S. acting as an international police force in the Americas. Was a huge step in developing the Unites States -
Indian Removal Act
Was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson. It authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for white settlement of their ancestral lands. -
Public School Movement 1830's
Was an effort that began in the early 1800's to provide free education to all students, regardless of wealth, heritage, or class. Horace Mann, who became the first Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education in 1837, is credited with starting the movement. -
Nullification Crisis
This crisis centered around Southern protests against the series of protective tariffs (taxes) that had been introduced to tax all foreign goods in order to boost the sales of US products and protect manufacturers in the North from cheap British goods. This was a cause for the Civil War because it boiled sectional tensions between the North and South to the surface. -
Asylum Movement 1840's
The asylum movement was a national reform movement that began in the 1840s in an effort to change the way that people approached the mentally ill and improved the way that the mentally ill were treated. Its purpose was to emphasize treatment and rehabilitation. -
Women's Rights Movement 1840-1920
Turned into a women's suffrage movement after the Seneca Falls Convention. However, these women organizations fought to gain the right to vote and fought for broad-based economic, political equality, and for social reforms. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Its purpose was "to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women.” Organized by women for women, many consider the Seneca Falls Convention to be the event that triggered and solidified the women's rights movement in America. It was put together in order to promote women's suffrage and the reform of martial and property laws. They discussed the right to vote and equality between women and men.
