-
Eli Whitney Patented The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney patented his famous cotton gin which was a very important machine in the development of the South ad revolutionized the production of cotton -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
Leader in an unsuccessful slave revolt held in Richmond, Virginia, influenced by the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions Prosser organized hundreds of supporters into military groups, they were halted by a militia group organized by governor James Monroe and Prosser fled but was captured, tried, nd found guilty to later be executed -
Thomas Jefferson Elected as President
Elected as 3rd President of the United States, first time power was passed from one party to another -
Louisiana Purchase
Land deal between U.S. and France in which the U.S. acquired 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi for $15 million -
Marbury v. Madison
First Supreme Court case to apply principle of judicial review -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
1 year after the Louisiana Purchase the Lewis and Clark expedition is set to explore the Northwest from the Mississippi river to the Pacific Ocean -
Embargo Act
Prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports, forced the U.S to manufacture their own goods, agricultural prices and earnings fell and shipping related industries were devastated -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
The British ship HMS Leopard pursued the USS Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia as they wished to search the Chesapeake for naval deserters but the Chesapeake refused, the Leopard opened fire and the Chesapeake was forced to surrender -
James Madison Elected President
Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to become the 6th President of the U.S. -
Non-Intercourse Act
This act passed in the last 16 days of Jefferson's presidency congress replaced the embargo act with the almost unenforceable Non-Intercourse Act which lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports -
Death of Tecumseh
Shawnee Indian Chief led a remnant of the confederation into alliance with Britain during War of 1812, at the Battle of Thames the British and Native American forces ere defeated by the Americans, Tecumseh was killed -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorize Textile Mill Plans
Former Boston importer who smuggled British textile factory designs back to America and built the worlds first factory capable of converting raw cotton into cloth by power machinery under one roof -
Hartford Convention
Series of meeting in Hartford, Connecticut in which the federalist party met to discuss their grievances concerning the War of 1812 and political problems -
The British Burn Washington, D.C.
British invasion of D.C. during War of 1812, the British army entered Washington in the late afternoon and British officers dined in the deserted White House while British troops ecstatic they captured the enemy capital set the city aflame -
End of War of 1812
Treaty of Peace and Amity between Britain's Majesty and the U.S. is signed by representatives, by the terms of this treaty all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the U.S. and Canada -
Battle of New Orleans
Future President Andrew Jackson and an assortment of militia fighters weathered Britain's frontal assault inflicting devastating casualties along the way, helped foil plans for a British invasion on the American frontier -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
Peace Treaty ending War of 1812, treaty was signed and unanimously ratified by Senate -
Era of Good Feelings Begin
Marked a period in the political history of the U.S. that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812 -
James Monroe elected as President
First election held after War of 1812, Democratic-Republican James Monroe beat Federalist Rufus King to become 5th President of the U.S. -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Between United States and Great Britain following war of 1812 goal was to significantly eliminate both countries' naval fleets stationed in the Great Lakes, aimed to ease tensions to as a way to prevent another Anglo-American war. -
Anglo-American Convention
Aka the Treaty of 1818 set the boundary between the Missouri Territory in the U.S. and British North America at the 49th parallel -
Adams-Onis Treaty
also known as Transcontinental Treaty, was a treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary the U.S. and New Spain -
Panic of 1819
First major peacetime financial crisis in the U.S. followed by a general collapse of the American economy that persisted through 1821 -
Dartmouth College V. Woodward
New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter and the court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution -
McCulloch v. Maryland
One of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power, the Supreme Court held that congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8 the "Necessary and Proper" clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank -
Second Great Awakening Began
Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. -
Missouri Compromise
After Missouri's request for admission to the Union as a slave state which threatened the balance between free and slave states, to keep peace Congress organized a two-part compromise granting Missouri's request and also making Maine a free-state -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Denmark Vesey a carpenter in Charleston, SC secretly plotted a slave rebellion, that never happened, a slave told authorities before the revolt could happened and Vesey and 34 other slaves were tried and executed for "attempting to raise an insurrection" -
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas, President Monroe started this doctrine in his 7th annual State of the Union Address -
John Quincy Adams Elected President
Adams was selected as the 6th President by the House of Representatives after Andrew Jackson won most popular and electoral votes but failed to receive majority -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Welsh manufacturer turned reformer, one of the most influential early 19th-century advocates of Utopian socialism New Harmony was the site of two attempts to establish Utopian communities -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce -
Charles B. Finney Leads Religious Revivals in West NY
Finney was best known as an innovative revivalist in upstate New York and Manhattan and an advocate of Christian perfectionism and a religious writer -
Erie Canal Completed
The Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic via the Hudson River the effects of the canal was immediate and settlers poured into western NY, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin -
Tariff of Abominations
Protective tariff passed by Congress designed to protect industry in the northern U.S., taxed all foreign goods to boost sales of U.S. products -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His 'Six Sermons on Intemperance"
Beecher became president of the newly founded Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio and also assumed a new pastorate there -
Andrew Jackson Elected as President
Jackson's victory in battle made him a national superstar and won the rematch between Adams to become the 7th President of the U.S. -
Catherine Beecher Published "Essays on the Education of Female Teachers"
she co-founded the innovative Hartford Female Seminary, whose purpose was to train women to be mothers and teachers she published a seminal essay on the importance of women as teachers she promoted women as natural teachers, but also advocated for an expansion and development of teacher training programs, claiming that the work of a teacher was more important to society than that of a lawyer or doctor. -
Indian Removal Act
signed by President Andrew Jackson which authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their land -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
Mormon prophet and founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -
Worcester v. Georgia
the U.S. Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed Re-Charter of Second Bank of the U.S.
Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill re-chartering the Second Bank by arguing that in the form presented to him it was incompatible with “justice,” “sound policy” and the Constitution -
Nullification Crisis Began
when South Carolina adopted the ordinance to nullify the tariff acts and label them unconstitutional despite sympathetic voices from other Southern states, South Carolina found itself standing alone -
Black Hawk War
At the center of the Black Hawk War was a treaty between the Sauk and Fox peoples and the United States, the Indians agreed to cede to the United States all of their lands east of the Mississippi and some claims west of it Black Hawk refused to leave his own home and began to prepare for war -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
American political party formed to oppose President Andrew Jackson and Democrats -
Treaty of New Echota
provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears,the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia, ceding Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Frederic Henry Hedge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Ripley, and George Putnam met in Massachusetts to discuss the formation of a new club; their first official meeting -
First McGuffey Reader Published
McGuffey Readers were a series of graded primers for grade levels 1-6, they were widely used as textbooks in American schools from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century -
Battle of the Alamo
Mexican force numbering in the thousands led by Santa Anna began a siege of the fort, though vastly outnumbered, the Alamo’s 200 defenders including the famed frontiersman Davy Crockett held out courageously for 13 days before the Mexican invaders finally overpowered them, for Texans, the Battle of the Alamo became an enduring symbol of their heroic resistance to oppression -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
Under this act the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land, this prevented working-class Americans from purchasing federal land in the West due to the lack of gold and silver -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution, the Tejanos and Texans decided to fight for independence and in 1836 Santa Anna took an army to San Antonio to take a fort called the Alamo. -
Panic of 1837
financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s, profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up also pessimism abounded during the time -
Martin Van Buren Elected as President
Van Buren won the 8th Presidency with the helpful endorsement from Andrew Jackson and the organizational strength of the Democratic party -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
Often called the" Father of the Common School", began his career as a lawyer and legislator then was elected to act as Secretary of the newly-created Massachusetts Board of Education in which he used his position to enact major educational reform -
Ralph Waldo Emerson Gave the "Divinity School Address"
Common name for the speech Emerson gave the graduating class of Harvard Divinity School -
Trail of Tears Began
As part of Jackson's removal plan the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi and to migrate to modern day Oklahoma, called the Trail of Tears because of devastating effects -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
Oneida Community was a product of the great religious revival which swept over America, John Humphrey Noyes and nearly all of his original associates were converts of that revival -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
set fixed tariffs in the ports and gave Americans the right to buy land for churches and hospitals, and also overturned a Chinese law that forbade foreigners from learning the Chinese language -
James Polk Elected President
Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issues of slavery and the annexation of the Republic of Texas to become the 11th President of the U.S. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
held that the United States was destined by God, its advocates believed to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
Mexico wanted to keep Texas, and Van Buren feared it would cause war, also he didn't want to add a new state to the Union that allowed slavery -
Bear Flag Revolt
a small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic -
Start of the Mexican War
waged between the United States and Mexico, helped to fulfill America's "manifest destiny" to expand its territory across the entire North American continent -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the U.S. and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo -
Gold Rush Began in California
Discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 sparked the California Gold Rush, as news spread of the discovery, thousands of prospective gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding area -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
Henry David Thoreau argues that citizens must disobey the rule of law if those laws prove to be unjust, he then draws on his own experiences and explains why he refused to pay taxes in protest of slavery and the Mexican War -
Gadsden Purchase
Congress ratified a revised version of the treaty; the U.S. would purchase just over 29 thousand square miles of land in exchange for $10 million. The Gadsden Purchase secured area for the transcontinental railroad and set the U.S.-Mexican border. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
Perry on behalf of the U.S. government forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. ships -
Kanagawa Treaty
opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan
