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Second Great Awakening Began
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
In 1794, U.S.-born inventor Eli Whitney (1765-1825) patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/cotton-gin-and-eli-whitney -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
The activities of a literate slave named Gabriel in Richmond, Virginia, present a final critical view of Jeffersonian America. At the same time Gabriel also shows how fully African Americans embraced central currents of American politics and culture.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/20f.asp -
Thomas Jefferson Elected President
On this day in 1801, Thomas Jefferson is elected the third president of the United States. The election constitutes the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in the United States.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thomas-jefferson-is-elected -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
https://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/louisiana-purchase -
Marbury v. Madison
The U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. ... President John Adams named William Marbury as one of forty-two justices of the peace on March 2, 1801.
https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/marbury.html -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Their mission was to explore the unknown territory, establish trade with the Natives and affirm the sovereignty of the United States in the region. One of their goals was to find a waterway from the US to the Pacific Ocean.
http://www.historynet.com/lewis-and-clark-expedition -
Embargo Act
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United State Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. ... In 1806, France passed a law that prohibited trade between neutral parties, like the U.S., and Britain.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-embargo-act-of-1807-summary-facts-quiz.html -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
On 22 June 1807 off Hampton Roads, Virginia, the American frigate Chesapeake was stopped by the British ship Leopard, whose commander demanded the surrender of four seamen alleged to have deserted from the British ships Melampus and Halifax. Upon the refusal of the American commander, Captain James Barron, to give up the men, the Leopard opened fire.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/chesapeake-leopard-incident -
James Madison Elected President
The United States presidential election of 1808 was the sixth quadrennial presidential election, held from Friday, November 4, to Wednesday, December 7, 1808. The Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1808 -
Non-Intercourse Act
In the last sixteen days of President Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the Congress replaced the Embargo Act of 1807 with the almost unenforceable Non-Intercourse Act of March 1809. This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Intercourse_Act_(1809) -
End of the War of 1812
The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain. ... The American quest for honor after its humiliations by the British were satisfied.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_War_of_1812 -
Battle of New Orleans
New Orleans was one of the most important port cities in t he U.S. at the time. The city allowed access to the Mississippi River, an important route for both transportation (of both troops and civilians) and shipping.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/battle-new-orleans/ -
Death of Tecumseh
Tecumseh, Shawnee Indian chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of inter-tribal Indian alliance who directed Indian resistance
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Tecumseh/71531 -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans from Manchester, England
Lowell developed an interest in the textile industries of Lancashire and Scotland, especially the spinning and weaving machines, which were operated by water power or steam power. He was not able to buy drawings or a model of a power loom. He secretly studied the machines.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Cabot_Lowell -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
During the early part of the 19th century, New Harmony was the site of two attempts to establish Utopian communities. The first, Harmonie (1814-1825), was founded by the Harmonie Society, a group of Separatists from the German Lutheran Church.
https://newharmony-in.gov/about_new_harmony.php -
The British Burn Washington DC
The Burning of Washington DC was perpetrated by the British during the War of 1812 on August 24, 1814. ... During the Sacking of York, in the War of 1812, American troops set fire to the Parliament, Government House, and several other public buildings in the Upper Canadian capital.
http://www.american-historama.org/1801-1828-evolution/burning-of-washington.htm -
Harford Convention
The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 – January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartford_Convention -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. Peace negotiations began in Ghent, Belgium, starting in August of 1814. After four months of talks, the treaty was signed on December 24, 1814. The Senate unanimously ratified the Treaty of Ghent on February 16, 1815.
https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/ghent.html -
Era of Good Feeling Began
The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings -
James Monroe Elected President
United States presidential election of 1816, American presidential election held in 1816, in which Democratic-Republican James Monroe
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/United-States-presidential-election-of-1816/477244 -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
The Rush-Bagot Treaty took place between the United States and Great Britain following the War of 1812 and its goal was to significantly eliminate both countries' burgeoning naval fleets stationed in the Great Lakes.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/rush-bagot-treaty-history-significance-quiz.html -
Anglo-American Convention
The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818, Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, was an international treaty ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_1818 -
Adams-Onis Treaty
The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted.
https://www.history.com/topics/abolotionist-movement/missouri-compromise -
Panic of 1819
In 1819, the impressive post-War of 1812 economic expansion ended. Banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment.
https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h277.html -
McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
https://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/landmark-supreme-court-cases-elessons/mcculloch-v-maryland-1819/ -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
The 1819 Supreme Court case of Dartmouth College v. Woodward was, at its core, an issue of state power and contracts. ... The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled in their favor, saying that New Hampshire had violated the so-called contract clause of the United States Constitution.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/dartmouth-college-v-woodward-summary-lesson-quiz.html -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Denmark Vesey (also Telemaque) ( ca. 1767 – July 2, 1822) was a literate, skilled carpenter and leader among African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina. He was accused and convicted of being the ringleader of "the rising," a major potential slave revolt planned for the city in June 1822; he was executed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_Vesey -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was delivered to Congress by President James Monroe on December 2, 1823. The doctrine declared against foreign colonization, or intervention in the Americas, and the intention of the United States to remain neutral in European wars.
http://www.american-historama.org/1801-1828-evolution/monroe-doctrine-1823.htm -
Gibbons v. Ogden
The Gibbons v. Ogden decision served to vastly expand the power of Congress and the federal government. Now, Congress could regulate any commercial activity which moved between two states. This meant that the vast majority of business could become regulated by the United States.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/gibbons-v-ogden-summary-decision-impact.html -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1824 -
Erie Canal Completed
The Erie Canal opens, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson River. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York, the driving force behind the project, led the opening ceremonies and rode the canal boat Seneca Chief from Buffalo to New York City.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/erie-canal-opens -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saint
Joseph Smith, Mormon prophet and founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Joseph-Smith/68288 -
Tariff of Abominations
The 1828 Tariff of Abominations was opposed by the Southern states that contended that the tariff was unconstitutional. ... The protective tariffs taxed all foreign goods, to boost the sales of US products and protect Northern manufacturers from cheap British goods.
http://www.american-historama.org/1801-1828-evolution/tariff-of-abominations.htm -
Lyman Beecher Delivered his "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
Lyman Beecher was a Connecticut minister who was instrumental in the antebellum American temperance movement. Beecher co-founded the American Temperance Society in 1826 and participated in the religious revivals of this era. In 1828 Beecher published his Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evils, and Remedy of Intemperance.
http://www.oxfordfirstsource.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199794188.001.0001/acref-9780199794188-e-54 -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Andrew Jackson was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress.
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Andrew-Jackson/43159 -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Charles Grandison Finney is known as the 'Father of Modern Revivalism'. He was a leader in the 'Second Great Awakening' in the United States, serving as a Presbyterian, then Congregationalist, minister and religious writer. Finney's significance was in innovative preaching and service procedure.
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-significance-charles-grandson-finney-255299 -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
Jackson Vetoes Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the US. Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill re-chartering the Second Bank in July 1832 by arguing that in the form presented to him it was incompatible with “justice,” “sound policy” and the Constitution.
https://www.moaf.org/exhibits/checks_balances/andrew-jackson/broadsheet -
Black Hawk War
At the centre of the Black Hawk War was a treaty between the Sauk and Fox peoples and the United States that had been signed in St. Louis in November 1804, by which the Indians agreed to cede to the United States all of their lands east of the Mississippi and some claims west of it.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Hawk-War -
Worcester v. Georgia
Because of this refusal, the army entered the Native American lands and arrested Worcester along with the other 6 people. Following his arrest, Worcester appealed his charges and took his case to the Supreme Court. Worcester v. Georgia began on February 20th of 1832.
https://kids.laws.com/worcester-v-georgia -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. Whigs stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/whig-party -
Nullification Crisis Began
This was the scene in 1832, when South Carolina adopted the ordinance to nullify the tariff acts and label them unconstitutional. Despite sympathetic voices from other Southern states, South Carolina found itself standing alone.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/nullification-crisis-of-1832-definition-summary-quiz.html -
Treaty of New Echota
Treaty of New Echota. It cost three men their lives and provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. The Treaty of New Echota was signed on this day in 1835, ceding Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation.
https://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/treaty-new-echota -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
American author and educator, Catherine Beecher believed that a woman’s role as educator and moral guide for her family was the basis of a well-ordered society.
http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2013/10/catherine-beecher.html -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Remembering how badly the Texans had been defeated at the Alamo, on April 21, 1836, Houston's army won a quick battle against the Mexican forces at San Jacinto and gained independence for Texas. Soon after, Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas.
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/tx/es_tx_houston_1.html -
Battle of the Alamo
The Battle of the Alamo was a 13 day siege fought from February 23 1836 and March 6, 1836 between a handful of 180 American rebels, fighting for Texan independence from Mexico, who were in the Alamo against Mexican forces of about 4000, under President General Santa Anna.
http://www.american-historama.org/1829-1841-jacksonian-era/battle-of-alamo.htm -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
In July 1836, President Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular. Under this act, the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land. ... The principal reason for Jackson's implementation of the Specie Circular was high inflation.
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Specie_Circular -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Frederic Henry Hedge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Ripley, and George Putnam (1807–1878; the Unitarian minister in Roxbury) met in Cambridge, Massachusetts on September 8, 1836, to discuss the formation of a new club; their first official meeting was held eleven days later at Ripley's house in Boston.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_Club -
First McGuffey Reader Published
McGuffey's Reader was a series of textbooks written by William McGuffey during the mid-nineteenth century. The McGuffey's Reader became the standardized reading text for most schools across the United States during the mid to late nineteenth century. First published in 1836, eventually McGuffey's Reader became a multi-volume work consisting of six different levels of difficulty.
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/McGuffey's_Reader?rec=1469 -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
Horace Mann was an American politician and education reformer, best known for promoting universal public education and teacher training in "normal schools."
https://www.biography.com/people/horace-mann-9397522 -
Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1837 -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States (1837-1841), after serving as the eighth Vice President and the tenth Secretary of State, both under President Andrew Jackson.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/martin-van-buren/ -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
The "Divinity School Address" is the common name for the speech Ralph Waldo Emerson gave to the graduating class of Harvard Divinity School on July 15, 1838.
https://emersoncentral.com/texts/nature-addresses-lectures/addresses/divinity-school-address/ -
Trail of Tears Began
In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h1567.html -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (the region that became Canada)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
The Treaty of Wanghia was a diplomatic agreement between Qing-dynasty China and the United States, signed on July 3, 1844 in the Kun Iam Temple. Its official title name is the Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America and the Chinese Empire.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Wanghia -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the idea that Americans were destined, by God, to govern the North American continent. This idea, with all the accompanying transformations of landscape, culture, and religious belief it implied, had deep roots in American culture.
https://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/25502 -
James Polk Elected President
James Polk (1795-1849) served as the 11th U.S. president from 1845 to 1849. During his tenure, America’s territory grew by more than one-third and extended across the continent for the first time.
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-polk -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
The Annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1845–1848. During his tenure, U.S. President James K. Polk oversaw the greatest territorial expansion of the United States to date.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/texas-annexation -
Bear Flag Revolt
During the Bear Flag Revolt, from June to July 1846, a small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic.
https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/bear-flag-revolt -
Start of the Mexican War
From 1846 to 1848, U.S. and Mexican troops fought against one another in the Mexican-American War. Ultimately, it was a battle for land where Mexico was fighting to keep what they thought was their property and the U.S. desired to retain the disputed land of Texas and obtain more of Mexico's northern lands.
http://umich.edu/~ac213/student_projects06/magsylje/history.html -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
The Oneida Community was a perfectionist religious communal society founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 in Oneida, New York. ... The Oneida Community practiced communalism (in the sense of communal property and possessions), complex marriage, male sexual continence, and mutual criticism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_Community -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo -
Gold Rush Began in California
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
On July 8, 1853, American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/opening-to-japan -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disdobedience
In "Civil Disobedience," philosopher Henry David Thoreau argues that citizens must disobey the rule of law if those laws prove to be unjust. He draws on his own experiences and explains why he refused to pay taxes in protest of slavery and the Mexican War. Thoreau this becomes a model for civil disobedience.
https://www.enotes.com/topics/civil-disobedience -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase is a 29,670-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty that took effect on June 8, 1854.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase -
Kanagawa Treaty
In Tokyo, Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, representing the U.S. government, signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/treaty-of-kanagawa-signed-with-japan
