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Second Great Awakening Began
Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans From Manchester, England
Just before the War of 1812, Francis Cabot Lowell of Massachusetts smuggled plans for a power loom out of England -
Thomas Jefferson was elected president
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Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
On August 30, 1800, Gabriel intended to lead slaves into Richmond, but the rebellion was postponed because of rain. The slaves' owners had suspicion of the uprising, and two slaves told their owner -
Louisiana Purchase
The acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803 -
Marbury v. Madison
Forms the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expeditions
The first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. -
Embargo Act
It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
A naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807, between the British warship HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake. -
Non-Intercourse Act
Lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
applied for a patent of his cotton gin on October 28, 1793; the patent was granted on March 14, 1794, but was not validated until 1807. -
James Monroe Elected President
The Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
territorial expansion of the United States from 1812 to 1860. This era, from the end of the War of 1812 to the beginning of the American Civil War, has been called the "age of manifest destiny". -
Death of Tecumseh
He died in battle and was disfigured by enemy soldiers -
The British Burn Washington DC
The Burning of Washington was a British attack against Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, during the War of 1812 -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
During the year of 1814, Lyman gave approximately six sermons on intemperance, that were sent throughout the U.S. -
End of the War of 1812
The War of 1812 ended in a stalemate. The treaty of Ghent signed on December 24, 1814 returned all territorial conquests made by the two sides. -
Hartford Convention
A series of meetings from December 15, 1814 – January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government -
Battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson defended New Orleans against the British. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
Ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain -
Era of Good Feeling Began
Exaltation replaced the bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans, between northern and southern states, and between east-coast cities and settlers on the western frontier. -
James Monroe Elected President
He was elected the fifth president of the United States in 1817 -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
A treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812. -
Anglo-American Convention
The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland -
Adams-Onis Treaty
Also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Congress has power to incorporate a bank -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
a landmark decision in United States corporate law from the United States Supreme Court dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations. -
Panic of 1819
The first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States followed by a general collapse of the American economy persisting through 1821. -
Missouri Compromise
In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Failed slave revolt that was the most extensive in history. -
Monroe Doctrine
A United States policy of opposing European colonialism in The Americas beginning in 1823 -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
the House elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce -
Erie Canal Completed
Proposed in 1808 and completed in 1825, the canal links the waters of Lake Erie in the west to the Hudson River in the east -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Charles Grandison Finney is credited with being one of the most forceful American evangelists, one who was greatly responsible for the rise of religious fervor -
Robert Owen founded the New Harmony Community
Robert Owen, a Welsh industrialist and social reformer, purchased the town in 1825 with the intention of creating a new utopian community and renamed it New Harmony. -
Tariff of Abominations
Protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Re-match between incumbent President John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson, who won a plurality of the electoral college vote in the 1824 election. -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
Initial converts were drawn to the church in part because of the newly published Book of Mormon, a self-described chronicle of indigenous American prophets that Smith said he had translated from golden plates. -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders -
Black Hawk War
A brief conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader -
Worcester v. Georgia
The laws instituted a prohibition of non-Indians from living in Indian territories. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill re-chartering the Second Bank in July 1832 by arguing that in the form presented to him it was incompatible with “justice,” “sound policy” and the Constitution. -
Nullification Crisis Began
The convention declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. They said that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
Whigs supported the supremacy of the US Congress over the Presidency and favored a program of modernization, banking, and economic protectionism to stimulate manufacturing. -
Treaty of New Echota
Provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. The Treaty of New Echota was signed on this day in 1835, ceding Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
founded a school for girls in Hartford, Connecticut, aimed at training women to become mothers and teachers. -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Frederic Henry Hedge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Ripley, and George Putnam (1807–1878; the Unitarian minister in Roxbury) met in Cambridge, Massachusetts on September 8, 1836, to discuss the formation of a new club -
First McGuffey Reader Published
first widely used textbooks in the U.S. -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
an American preacher, radical religious philosopher, and utopian socialist. He founded the Putney, Oneida, and Wallingford Communities, and is credited with coining the term "complex marriage". -
Texas Declared Independence From Mexico
he Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution -
Battle of the Alamo
Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
United States presidential executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1836 pursuant to the Coinage Act and carried out by his successor, President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
An American educational reformer and Whig politician dedicated to promoting public education -
Panic of 1837
financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
American statesman who served as the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
The common name for the speech Ralph Waldo Emerson gave to the graduating class of Harvard Divinity School on July 15, 1838. -
Trail of Tears Began
In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies -
Treaty of Wanghia
diplomatic agreement between Qing-dynasty China and the United States, signed on July 3, 1844 in the Kun Iam Temple. -
James Polk Elected President
a Democrat, assumed office after defeating Whig Henry Clay in the 1844 presidential election. -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. -
Start of the Mexican War
was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States from 1846 to 1848. -
Bear Flag Revolt
During the Bear Flag Revolt, from June to July 1846, a small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. -
Treaty of Guadlupe Hidalgo
The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. -
Gold Rush Began in California
gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
Originally published in 1849 as Resistance to Civil Government. Thoreau wrote this classic essay to advocate public resistance to the laws and acts of government that he considered unjust. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world. -
Gadsden Purchase
southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. -
Kanagawa Treaty
Convention of Kanagawa or Kanagawa Treaty was the first treaty between the United States of America and the Tokugawa Shogunate.
