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The Great Awakening
It was a series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the 18th century. It was all about regaining people's faith and bringing a lot of new energy and emotion to religious practices. People like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were very influential during this time. It really changed the way people thought about religion and led to the growth of new denominations. -
The Stono Rebellion
Slave uprising in 1739 along the Stone River in South Carolina in which a group of slaves armed themselves, raided six plantations and killed more than twenty colonists. Colonists quickly suppressed the rebellion. -
The Plantation Act
It was a law passed by the British Parliament. It allowed non-British immigrants in the American colonies to become naturalized citizens if they met certain conditions, like residing in the colonies for seven years, swearing an oath of allegiance, and taking communion in a Protestant church. -
Siege of Louisbourg
It was during the French and Indian War. British forces, led by General Jeffrey Amherst and Admiral Edwards Boscawen, captured the French fortress of Louisburg in Nova Scotia. This Victory was crucial because it opened the way for the British to invade Canada and eventually capture Quebec. -
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War was a conflict between Britain and France. It was part of a larger global conflict known as the Seven Year's War. In North America, the war involved British and French colonies, with various Native Americans tribes aligning with either side. The War ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which resulted in significant territorial changes, with Britain gaining control of Canada and much of the land east of the Mississippi River. -
The Industrial Revolution
It started in Britain and spread to other parts of the world. This era saw the development of new machinery, like the steam engine, transportation systems, communication systems. It changed the way that people did things and even affected the stuff that we use today. -
Sugar Act
The first act Parliament passed after the French and Indian War was the Sugar Act of 1746. It wanted to strongly put a tax on sugar, and other products imported into the American colonies from non-British Caribbean places. George was in charge of increasing revenue for Great Britain after the French and Indian War. Greenville hoped that if he lowered the tax that had already been on sugar maybe they would stop smuggling. -
The Quartering Act
The British further angered the colonists by passing the Quartering Act. The act forced American colonists to house and feed British forces who were serving in North America. The act further inflamed tension between the colonists and the British. The colonists were not very happy about having their home forced open. -
The Boston Massacre
It started as a small argument between British soldiers and a few colonists, but it quickly escalated. The soldiers ended up firing into the crowd, killing five colonists.This event really fueled anti-British sentiments and was used as a rallying point for the American Revolution. -
American Revolution
It was a conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The colonies wanted to gain independence from British rule due to issues like taxation without representation and other political things. Like the Battle of Lexington, The Battle of Yorktown, and the Treaty of Paris. -
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists, disguised as Native Americans, boarded British ships and dumped huge chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. They did this in response to the Tea Act, which was taxing tea without representation. It was an event that eventually led to the American Revolution. -
The Declaration of Independence
It was said that the 13 colonies were declaring their independence from British rule. It was made by Thomas Jefferson it focused on the colonies loses against King George lll and joined the principles of individual liberty and government by consent of the governed. It marked the beginning of the United States as an independent nation. -
Saratoga
The battle of Saratoga represents a turning point in the war. British General John Burgoyne and his army plan to move south where he will meet up with two other British armies and face the Continentals. The other two British armies are not there, and Burgoyne is quickly surrounded and forced to surrender along with his whole army. -
Yorktown
After a grueling campaign through the southern colonies, General Cornwallis retreated to the coast of Yorktown, Virginia for the winter and the protection of the Royal Navy. Cornwallis was not aware however that the French navy had defeated the British fleet at the Battle of the Capes in September. When Cornwallis arrived at Yorktown, he found the French navy at his back and the American army before him. -
Treaty of Paris
It officially ends the Revolutionary War. The newly created United States of America is granted all British lands between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River and the north to British Canada. -
Shays Rebellion
It was led by Daniel Shays and other farmers who were upset about high taxes and economic injustices. They felt like they were being unfairly treated, especially since many of them were struggling after fighting in the Revolutionary War. The rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and led to the creation of the U.S. Constitution. -
Judiciary Act
It was a piece of legislation that established the federal judiciary of the United States. It created the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system, including the Supreme Court. The Act also outlined the procedures for the appointment of judges and process for appealing cases to the Supreme Court. -
The 2nd Great Awakening
It was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century and the United states. It emphasized personal salvation, emotional preaching, and individual faith. This moment led to the growth of various religious groups and social reforms in a significant increase in church membership. The Presbyterian revival, as part of this broader movement, involved emotional preaching, personal faith and repentance, leading to new converts in energizing the Presbyterian church. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers refused to pay the tax until the American army enforced it. This upholds the power of the new federal government. Whiskey was very important it was used as a way to trade for things that they could not buy. The distarlies bought large amounts of whiskey to sell. That helped the large producers but hurt the small producers. It was basically a tax on whiskey. This was the first flaw of the Constitution. -
The Cotton Gin
It was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It quickly and easily separated cotton fibers from their seeds, which was a super tedious job before. This invention made cotton production way more efficient and helped boost the economy in the southern United States. -
Pickney's Treaty
Spain gave the Americans the right to freely travel on the Mississippi River and use the port of New Orleans. That river is the key to economic trade. For the next 20 years Spain allowed us to use their river for anything. It was a treaty until it became an inconvenience and then everything goes wrong. -
Marbury V. Madison
It started when William Marbury was chosen as a Justice of the Peace by President John Adams, but his commission wasn't delivered before Thomas Jefferson took office. Jefferson Secretary of state, James Madison, refused to deliver it. Marbury ticket to the Supreme court, and Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that while Marbury had a right to his commission, the court couldn't Force Madison to deliver it because the law Marbury used to bring the case to the court was unconstitutional. -
Embargo Act
Great Britain and France are at war again. We finally have a decent trading relationship. With both of them, Jefferson wants to remain neutral. He imposes an embargo on all foreign trade. The Act is unpopular among merchants, traders, and the business community. It does great damage to the American economy. It does however encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing. -
The War 1812
It started because of issues like trade restrictions, impressment of American Sailors into the British navy, and British support of Native American tribes against American expansion. Some key events include the burning of Washington DC, the Battle of New Orleans, and the writing of The Star-Spangled Banner. The war ended with the Treaty of Ghent, which basically restored things to how they were before the war. -
The Battle of New Orleans
The American forces are a multicultural motley band of experienced soldiers and warriors. The British, a trained army, are virtually mauled by American forces hiding behind earthworks and cannons. American forces at New Orleans are led by General Andrew Jackson whose army inflicts great casualties on the British army. Andrew Jackson will be associated with winning the war. -
The Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William H. Crawford, and Andrew Jackson were part of this. The decision went to the House of Representatives because no candidate revived electoral votes. Henry Clay decided to withdraw from the election to protect his reputation. He supported Adams who was elected the President. Clay became Secretary of State three days later which led Jackson's supporters accusing them. -
The Sewing Machine
It revolutionized the textile industry by making it faster and easier to stitch fabric. It greatly increased productivity and made clothing more affordable. Most famous early sewing machine was invented by Elias Howe. -
The 1828 Election
The 1828 election was a really significant moment because it was seen as a victory for the common man over the elite. Andrew Jackson supporters portrayed him as a man of the people, while John Quincy Adams was seen as part of the political elite. this election also saw the increased use of campaign rallies and slogans, which became a big part of American political campaigns. -
The Reaper
It was a machine used to cut and gather crops. Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper, invented in the 1830s made harvesting way faster and easier, which was a huge help to Farmers. -
Nullification Crisis
It was a big conflict during the Jackson presidency. it was all about South Carolina trying to nullify Federal terrorists they didn't like, saying they were unconstitutional. Jackson was super against this and even passed the force Bill to use military action if necessary. -
Jacksons Bank War
Jackson thought the bank favored the wealthy and heard the common people. He voted for the renewal of the banks Charter and moved federal funds to state banks, which were called pet banks. This caused a lot of controversy and economic and stability, but Jackson was determined to reduce the banks influence. -
Panic of 1837
It was a financial crisis that led to a severe economic depression in the United states. it was triggered by a variety of factors, including the speculative leading practices of banks, a decline and column prices, and restrictive leading policies from the bank of England. And President Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required payment for government land to be in gold and silver, which further strained the banking system. As A result, banks failed, businesses went bankrupt, etc. -
Mexican American War
It was a conflict between the US and Mexico after the US annexed texas. It ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, where Mexico ceded a large portion of his Northern Territory to the US, including California and New mexico. -
The California Gold Rush
When gold was discovered at Sutter's mill. It led to a massive influx of people to California, hoping to strike and Rich. this event significantly boosted California's population and economy, cause so many people were coming to California to find gold. -
Seneca Falls Convention
It was an important event for the women's rights movement in the us. It was the first women's rights convention, and it took place in Seneca Falls, New York. They discussed issues like women's suffrage, property rights, and social equality. The Declaration of sentiments, which was modeled after the Declaration of Independence, was presented there, demanding equal rights for women. -
Lincolns election
It was a major event leading up to the Civil War. Lincoln was a member of the Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories and states. His victory caused a lot of tension, especially in the Southern Sates, which eventually led to their secession on the Union. The things that he did is the reason why he is such an important figure. -
The South Secedes
This was right after Lincoln was elected for president. Many southern states were worried that Lincoln and the Republican Party would try to abolish slavery, which was a big part of their economy and way of life. South Carolina was the first state to secede in December and soon after many Southern states followed, forming the Confederate Sates of America. -
Homestead Act of 1862
It was a law that granted 160 Acres of public land settlers for a small fee, as long as they lived on and improved the land for at least 5 years. It was a way to encourage Westward Expansion and give people a chance to own land and start a new life. -
Pacific Railroad Act
It provided federal support for the construction of the first transcontinental railroad. it authorized a Union Pacific in Central Pacific railroad companies to build the railway and Telegraph line across the United states, connecting the East and West coast. This also provided land grants and Loans to the companies to help fund the construction. -
Battle of Antietam
It showed the Union that they could gain victory in hard times.This happened on the East Coast and was one of the worst battles in the Civil War. It gave President Lincoln the push for delivering of the Emancipation Proclamation during a time of strength and not weakness. -
Lincoln's 10% Plan
The plan was a reconstruction strategy proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil war. It stipulated that a Southern state could be remitted into the Union once 10% of his voters swore allegiance to the union and accepted the end of slavery. This plan aimed to reunify the nation quickly with minimal punishment for the southern states. -
The Start of Sharecropping
It was a system using the south after the Civil War where landowners allowed tenants, often former enslaved people, to use their land in exchange for a share of their crops produced. it often led to a cycle of debt and poverty for the sharecroppers. -
Fetterman Massacre
A massacre in December 1866 and in which 1,500 Sioux Warriors lured Captain William Fetterman in 80 soldiers from a Wyoming fort and attacked them. The Fetterman Massacre the Sioux succeeded in closing the Bozeman trail, the main route in Montana. -
15th Amendment
Recognizing from the Election of 1868 that African Americans needed the right to vote, Republicans quickly had the 15th Amendment pushed through Congress. It prohibited any state from denying any citizen the right to vote, regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Election of 1868
The unpopularity of the 15th Amendment the radical republicans remained in control but lost the super majority. Andrew Jackson was still so unpopular that he lost the election to Ulysses S. Grant. -
Grant's Peace Policy
Made by President Ulysses S Grant it aimed to improve relations with Native American tribes and reduce conflicts on the frontier. The policies sought to place Native Americans on reservations, but they would be protected and provided with supplies. Grant found religious leaders as Indian agents to oversee the reservations, hoping their moral influence would lead to better treatment of native Americans, despite its intentions, the policy faced many challenges. -
Native American Reservation System
It was made to relocate tribes to specific areas controlled by the tribes U.S. Indian Affairs. It wanted to make room for the European settlers but often resulted in the loss of traditional lands and they wanted to get rid of the Native American culture. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
It was a federal law enacted to guarantee African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and prohibit exclusion from jury service. However, the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in 1883, stating that the 14th Amendment did not give Congress the power to regulate private affairs. -
The End of Reconstruction
When federal troops were withdrawn from the southern states as part of the compromise of 1877. This compromise resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election between Ruther B Hayes and Samuel J Tilden. With the withdrawal the troops, southern states quickly enacted laws they're strictly the rights of African-Americans, effectively ending the efforts to reconstruct the South and lead to the era of Jim Crow laws. -
Dawes Act
It was like the Homestead Act but for native Americans. They get land. Every native American that was taking land was taking land away from the reservation. This was a way for the government to force them into their lifestyle of agriculture. They wanted them to grow away from the tribe and learn new cultural things. If they did not take the land they would lose it to white settlers.