-
Period: to
Nelson Mandela
He was a South African activist and and President that helped bring an end to Apartheid. He was also a member of the African National Congress. -
India Independence Movement
This was series of events that was aiming to be free of British rule. This was a non violent attempt for the first independence movement. -
Period: to
Indian Independence Movement
Gandhi was the leader of this movement and was trying to keep it non violent. India was aiming to be their own independent state away from the British ruling. -
Period: to
Ghana Independence Movement
This was the timespan of how long this was taking action. The leader, Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian politician. -
Apartheid
This was segregation laws against colored people in South Africa. Many people were sent to labor camps and made to carry around passes. -
National Party
This was the year the National Party decided to create these laws. This era of Apartheid forced removals, labor, and loss of basic rights for the colored. -
Period: to
South Africa Apartheid
The leader Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He helped the color community gain back their independence in a non violent way. -
Period: to
Group Areas Act
this was a large removal of the colored people and was mandated segregation. More than 860,000 people were forced to live in very tough conditions. -
Mau Mau Rebellion
This is also known as the Mau Mau Uprising. This was a war in the British Kenya Colony between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army. -
Pass Laws
These pass laws were rules that the colored people had to carry around to get their rights. This includes finding jobs and cheap African labor. -
Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution was a military and political effort to overthrow the government of Cuba. They wanted their independence and freedom. -
Period: to
Defiance Campaign
This was the non violent way of going against the pass laws. There were many boycotts, protests, and strikes. Many of these people participating were arrested after the actions. -
Period: to
Mau Mau Rebellion
This was a group of rebels that went against and attacked other forces. They wanted independence and freedom. -
Period: to
Cuban Revolution
It began after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état which placed Fulgencio Batista as head of state and the failed mass strike in opposition that followed. Ernesto "Che " Guevara was a Cuban revolutionary. -
Algerian War of Independence
This was a war that led to independence for Algeria from France. It was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. -
Period: to
Algerian War of Independence
The Algerian War was a major armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. -
Period: to
Sophiatown
Were among the vibrant multi-racial communities that were destroyed by government bulldozers when these areas were declared “white.” They were removed from these distant towns and forced to move. -
Women's Protest in Pretoria
This was a march led by women to eliminate the pass laws. They marched all the way over to the Prime Minister to give them a petition against the laws. -
Ghana Independence Movement
National Liberation Movement was a political party created in Ghana. They were also trying to gain their own independence from the British. 1957 they gained this independence. -
Promotion of Batu Self Government Act of 1959
Which abolished indirect representation of blacks in Pretoria and divided Africans into ten ethnically discrete groups, each assigned a traditional “homeland.” -
Congo Independence Movement
Congo gained it's independence in July of 1960. The leader Patrice Lumumba was then arrested and assassinated. -
Sharpeville Massacre
The Sharpeville Massacre was one of the more violent effects the pass laws had on people. There are many passes burned at the police station where 69 people were killed. -
Period: to
Cambodian Civil War
The Cambodian Civil War was a civil war in Cambodia fought between the Communist Party of Kampuchea against the government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. -
District Six in Cape Town
In Cape Town, many informal settlements were destroyed. In one incident over four days in 1985, Africans resisted being moved from Crossroads to the new government-run Khayelitsha township farther away; 18 people were killed and 230 were injured. -
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution, refers to a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.