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Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Tang Dynasty had accomplished expanding China west, as well as conquering the turks and central asian nomadic tribes. bureaucracies were established along with the civil service exam and ideas of confucianism. The Song dynasty had won many victories over the tanguts in the process of gaining xia territory. Both Dynasties were significant due to the academic inventions created, such as the movable type. -
Period: 900 to 1400
Feudalism in Europe
During the european middle ages, an economic and social system was used as a relationship of granting and holding land, while service is offered in return of housing and protection. it was almost like a caste system but every status had specific role. At the very top were the popes and kings. The pope granted salvation while the kings granted land, a fief, to the nobles. Knights protected serfs and acted as vassals to the nobles.The land that was granted and used would be tended by the serfs. -
Period: 1200 to 1350
Mongol empire
The second largest empire in history founded by mongol Genghis Khan.This empire was led by pastoral nomads who herded sheep and migrated according to seasons. They used ruthless defensive techniques in battle and used powerful bows as weapons. The empire first began in the steppes of their homeland, but soon spread towards throughout China and continued west. -
Period: 1200 to 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
An important dynasty that reigned over Islamic empire and was the third caliphate to succeed the prophet Muhammad. It ruled most of the middle east,northern africa and western asia. Means of medicine, science, and mathematics were advanced in what was called the "House of Wisdom" as well as new technologies. Literature and Architecture were improved and influences of these new advances spread to parts of the world such as Spain and Israel. -
Period: 1210 to 1526
Dehli Sultanate
An Islamic sultanate founded by turks after their infiltration into india from victorious battles, making Delhi the capital.The Delhi sultanate became an imperial power that often striked defenses against the mongols.The rule had great stability and not much of the culture was forced upon Indian civilians, However cultural blending became a result during the delhi sultanate era. Indians were not forced to convert to islam and many people inside of the sultanate remained with beliefs of hinduism. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali empire
An empire in west africa founded by Sundiata Keita, whoms government and military became the greatest known to Africa. The empire prospered further with the reign of Mansa Musa I, for he brought great wealth with established trade routes. Valuable goods such as copper, gold, salt, ivory, and even slaves were exploited. Merchants were of course attracted to the commerce and converted mali rulers into islam. The spread of islam increasing through commercial trade. -
1271
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty was the first ever to be ruled by the Mongols in China.The mongols accommodated to Chinese culture and their taxation techniques,administrative practices,and postal service despite their experience. The mongols during this dynasty improved roads,built canals, supported peasant agriculture, limited the death penalty, patronized artists and scholars. However, their rule was still very ruthless and different from that of the Chinese empires before. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
An empire created and founded by turkish tribes in Anatolia and had covered most of Southeast europe, parts of the middle east and arabian peninsula. The empire had fought against the byzantine empire and soon took over the territories. the expansion brought great wealth. -
Period: 1300 to
European Renaisaance
The age of humanism and artistic views that also marked the transition from the middle ages. Also known as the "rebirth", the renaissance was a time in which art, culture, politics, and economy were changing and being rediscovered. One of the greatest artists of the renaissance was Leonardo Da Vinci, who is most known for his painting, 'The Mona Lisa'. -
1346
Bubonic Plague
The tragic event known as the Bubonic plague was a lethal pandemic that had begun in China, and had spread west into europe and northern africa. The disease was spread through mediterranean trade networks and throughout the Silk road. symptoms consisted of black lumps that appeared on the skin ,also called "buboes" contracted via fleas that often fed on rodents. The effects of the plague resulted with millions of deaths, decrease in faith, and feudalism/serfdom declined. -
1368
Ming Dynasty
Dynasty that ultimately succeeded the Yuan dynasty, founded by the Hongwu emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. The ming dynasty was primarily known for establishing cultural ties with the west and expansion in trade. At first the empire tried to expand the tribute system, but it was soon exchanged for maritime trade. Chinese silks and porcelain were highly desired by europeans who hoped to replicate Ming goods. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of exploration
The age of exploration was the time period when ships would be cast out in search of new trading routes or land. This firstly began with Christopher Columbus when he sailed to find a trade route to Asia and instead discovered America and the bahamas. It was the beginning of globalization and the conquering of new and. The three main reasons for european exploration was god, glory, and gold. -
1430
Mesoamerican empires: Aztec and Inca
The aztec and Incas were two of the most powerful mesoamerican civilizations that ever existed. The Aztecs were a group found in what is known as central mexico today. They derived from the city Tenochtitlan and created technologies such as irrigation systems and made sacrifices. The Incas were a native group to Cuzco,Peru. Their empire wa built with grazing terraces and temples such as the Aztecs. Both mesoamerican empires met their demise soon after the spanish conquered their people. -
Period: 1492 to
Spanish colonial empire
An empire set in most of North and South America after many indigenous empires were conquered by the Spanish. Conquistadores were spanish explorers who primarily sought to conquer land in the New World. Along with Catholicism and technology, the spanish had brought disease :creating a great impact on native american people. Soon the encomienda system followed through, native americans would grant their labors for protection in return. -
Period: 1500 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
Consisted of the transportation of Africans overseas to the Americas and Europe. Many people demanded slaves to work on plantations after millions of native americans had been diseased and killed almost to extinction. Using giant ships, millions of slaves were taken from port to port every several months. The hygiene on the ship was very poor, for the slave traders treated the african people as animals. Several thousands of Africans would perish before arriving at the final destination. -
Period: 1500 to
Mughal empire
Empire that covered most of south asia and India that was ruled by turkic mongols. Their attempt during their rule was to unite hindus and muslims into a combined and united society. Persian arts and culture was also a a key factor introduced to the hindu people and caused for cultures to blend. -
1517
The Reformation
The reformation was the movement in time when the people europe began to challenge the catholic church and began converting into protestants. Martin Luther was the monk who began to confront the Catholic church after he realized that the Vatican was selling salvation in the form of paper 'indulgences'. Along with Luther, other challengers such as John Calvin and Henry VII fought to bring power to the Bible and pastors. The disputes between the catholic church and protestants sparked many wars. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Also known as the the Edo period and period of peace, the Tokugawa shogunate was a feudal military government era in Japan that seeked to unite Japan as a whole country. The shogunate was founded by shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu and the lords that he granted land to were called the daimyo. Soldiers of the edo period were known as samurai and served with great honor. -
Qing Dynasty
The qing dynasty was the second to be ruled by foreigners, and the last imperial dynasty to rule over China. The extent of their empire was one built with peace and stability. Major influences to this time were their promotion of buddhism, confucianism, and the civil service exam. New culture was introduced as the manchus ruled China. New architecture, art, music, and attire. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Marked the era in which goods no longer had to be crafted by hand, instead they would be mass produced by machine in factories. The industrial revolution began in Britain and soon began to expand to the rest of the globe. Inventions began to appear more and more often such as the water-frame and the spinning jenny. -
Period: to
Age of Enlightenment
Age in which there began to appear more philosophical ideas such as those of voltaire and John Locke. Ideas of natural and human rights sprouted as well of those saying that people are all born equal. With one philosophy, came other contradicting ideas supporting that people were selfish and corrupted. -
Period: to
American Revolution
Conflicts waged between the american colonies and the British government that eventually led to America's independence. What had begun with tensions, had built up into wars. One of the many reasons is the taxation Britain had forced upon the colonist after the French and Indian War. Taxing acts such as the Stamp Act, Townshend Act, and the Tea Act were not appreciated and invoked protest. Infuriated colonists began to rebel against the british and after many battles, the colonist triumphed. -
Period: to
French revolution
The french revolution was a period in time when French peasants sought to overthrow the absolute monarchy in france. The standard of living was very poor due to little harvests, drought, and ill cattle. Desperate riots and strikes were attended but had little affect to the situation.The majority of france, the peasants then became the national Assembly and agreed to riot the bastille fortress. Later appeared the reign of terror, deaths by guillotine and ending with Napoleon's rise to power. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
Haitian slaves that acted against the french colonial rule and liberated themselves because of the racist society that the french inflicted upon the african slaves. Toussaint Louverture was the leader of the Haitian independence movement and negotiated for former slaves to govern themselves. As the movement an conflict broke, many slaves slaughtered the french soldiers and burned plantations. -
Period: to
Tanzimat revolution
a series of reforms given by the ottoman empire that were highly influenced by european ideas, to modernize the empire. The reforms implemented security of ones life, property, and honour no matter what the cause. As well as developed a system of taxation and new school systems. The reforms overall improved the society and administration. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
Two wars that were fought in China, the first war fought against the british government and the second fought against britain and france. The first war was fought because China was trying to stop the illegal trade of opium, england did not agree with China and both countries started feuds against each other. The war halted when the british captured the city of Nanjing. The second war occured when the british attacked Canton after China allegedly raided a british ship. -
Period: to
Taiping rebellion
A revolt held against the Chinese Qing dynasty by the taiping tianguo, a dynasty formed from the teachings and beliefs of God. The taiping aimed to reform the Qing dynasty and change the rule of the manchu to ways that derived from the old testament. After capturing the city of Nanjing, they named it Tianjing or "Heavenly Capital". Under the Taiping rule, property was held equal and equality between men and women was established. -
Sepoy Mutiny
A violent and gruesome rebellion launched against the British by the people of India. The British were trying to take over and control the hindu states. They were trying to change the governing in India and westernize the population, and the Hindu people were not pleased. In the battle field, new rifles were introduced that were rumored to had cartridges lubricated with pig and cow lard. An absolute insult to muslim and hindu sepoys, sparking the revolt. -
Meiji Restoration
Japanese Restoration that brought the end the tokugawa shogunate. Under this revolution, the imperial rule was again restored and modernization commenced in Japanese culture. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
European powers sought out to gain territory in Africa because it was a rich opportunity to colonize and introduce new trade networks. It was a beneficial investment and means of exploitation to europe,that is why numerous countries tried to get a hold of the continent. This was of course approached with imperialistic aspects, europeans driven by commercial interests. Their actions upon africa ultimately lead to dividing it among themselves and introducing new technological systems. -
Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference was a meeting held for the purpose of occupying territory and colonizing Africa. This event caused for the distribution of land between the thirteen powers attending and newly imperialistic influences to grow in Africa. Trade networking had been another important goal that the colonist had sought out on Africa, however all of this was done without the participation of Africa itself.
