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Period: May 20, 1450 to
Unit 4,5,6
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Feb 14, 1483
Babur
Babur was the very first Mughal emperor. He expanded the Mughal Empire from Kabul all the way to Gogra in the east. He won many battles and defeated the last Delhi Sultan in 1526. -
May 20, 1492
Columbian exchange
The columbian exchange was a trading process between the Americas and Europe. The Americas offered Europe numerous amounts of things that benefited them like tobacco, cotton, and sugar. Europe gave the Americas horses, cows, and sheep. Another important thing that was diffused were diseases. Yellow fever, smallpox, and measles were just a few of the tdiseases transported which caused many deaths in the Americas. -
May 21, 1501
Safavid Empire
The Safavid Empire lasted from 1501-1722. It was a theocracy and the state religion was Shi'a Islam. It had a strong economic status because of trade and made Iran a center of art. -
May 21, 1517
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was originally intended to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. One of the important leaders was Martin Luther which created a spark with his 95 theses. The Protestants were able to spread their ideas because of the inconsistancy of the Catholic Church with having designated Popes which decreased the faith of the people. -
May 21, 1526
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire is an imperial power of the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughals were under various emperors but their are a quite few that stood out that made the Empire successful. Akbar brought the classical period in which art was very welcomed and so was religious harmony, Shah Jahan was part of the architecture and significant monument building, under the rule of Aurangzeb expanded the Mughal empire into more than 1.25 million square miles because of all the victories in battles. -
May 21, 1550
Scientific Revolution
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Oct 6, 1552
Matteo Ricci
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Feb 15, 1564
Galileo
Galileo (1564-1642) was known as the "father of science" because of his astonishing disvories which contributed to the Scientific revolution. He had telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus and discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter. He was tried and found suspectful of heresy and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
This was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan which lasted up to 1868. This was called the Ed period in which the caste system was very rigid and made people unhappy. -
Thirty years war
The thirty years war took place in mostly Germany from 1618 to 1648. One of the important reasons that lead to fighting was conflicts between the Protestants and the Catholics. This continuous war destroyed many places and decreased population rates because of famine and diseases. -
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dyansty lasted from 1644-1912 and was the last dynasty of China. The imperial leaders kept on strengthening the centralized government, just like the Ming dynasty, and followed policies to reenergize the social economy. -
The Enlightenment
Some people that played great leadership roles throughout the Enlightment were Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, John Locke, and Isaac Newton. This period consisted of new philosophers trying to reform society and advance in knowledge. It was a cultural movement that completely changed the world's view from the Middle Ages to the modern times, -
Peter the Great
Peter the Great was a tsar in Russia from 1682 to 1725. He centalized the government and modernized the army. Peter focused on developing commerce and industry and created a bourgeoisie population based on Western beliefs. -
Catherine the Great
She was the longest ruling female leader of Russia. She came to power after the assasination of her husband. In her reign, Russia expanded and became stronger. The beginning of colonizatoin in Alaska happened to establish Russain America. -
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Toussaint was born into slavery in Sanit-Domingue and was fortunate to learn how to read and write. These skills later on helped him to become a leader in the Haitian Revolution against the French. After all of the rucuss, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the colony. -
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution happened from 1750 to 1850 and it was the rennovations of mass production, assembly lines, and power driven machines. Important things in the industrial revolution were railroads, factories, and the increase in bars, churches, schools, and shopping centers because of the population growth. -
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI ruled the French and supported American ways by trying to refom the kingdom into practicing Enlightenment ideals. -
French-Indian war
The French and Indian War (seven years war) was mainly fought by the British and France with Native Americans as allies. The British wanted to take over the land that the French had in North America and the fur trade in the French held territory. -
Britain takes over India
India was already industrialized in the 1800's which attracted Britain because of their need for raw materials and resources. The fact that the British had won the French Revolution gave them pride and wanted to show it off by colonizing India. -
Watt's steam engine
The Watt's steam engine was invented by James Watt and it was a renewed and improved design of the Newcomen engine. The Watt's engine replaced the Necomen engine because it had a better fuel effiecency for areas where coal was more expensive. -
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny is a spinning frame that is used to produce yarn. It was invented by James Hargreaves and was a technological advance. At this time, cotton was on high demand and production couldnt keep up so the spinning jenny made it work faster and more efficient. -
Invention of the Water frame
The first models of spinning wheels were powered by waterwheels so they came to be known as water frames. The water frame was invented by Richard Arkwright. It was the very first continuous textile machine which lead production to factories instead of working at home. -
American Revolution
This is when the 13 colonies in North America unite in order to face the British and gain freedom. The British were commiting unconstitutional actions and the people didn't want to be "supervised". Imporatant events that took place were the Boston Tea Party and the Declaration of Independence. -
French Revolution
The monarchy was overthrown and so was the King because of an unhappy class forming a rebellion. One of the reasons of the French Revolution was the financial status that they were in. They had so many debts because of the Kings many lost battles and didnt have an efficient way of collecting taxes. -
Fall of Bastille
This took place in Paris, France. An angry mob of over 300 people marched to the Bastille to end the overtaxing and overbearing government they had. It was the major triggor for the French Revolution, -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
The National Assembly of France came up with the idea that everyone deserves to have their sacred, unalienable rights of man. That everyone should be treated equally and protect their rights. -
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian revolution was a revolt of slaves against the French in Saint Domingue. It was the most successful slave rebellion to ever occur. Even after this happened, much of the place was still under French influence. -
Whitney's cotton gin
The cotton gin was a huge innovation in the cotton industry in the United States. It was invented by Eli Whitney and it was meant to seperate the cottonseed from cotton fiber. Before this invention, it took a lot of men working for tideous hours but after, the automatic machine was able to generate fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily. -
End of Atlantic Slave trade
The Atlantic Slave trade consisted of slaves transported to the New World. Thomas Jefferson was the president to put an end to it,. -
Mexican Independence
The war that took place was between the Mestizos, Amerindians, Mexican-born Spaniards who were seeking independence from Spain. It started as a rebellion but soon spread into something much larger. -
Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo put an end to Napoleonean rule as the emperor of France. It was a battle fought by the French empire and the Prussian army in Waterloo, Belgium. -
Congress of Vienna
The congress was made of ambassadors from Europe and started on September 1814-Hune 1815. The first goal of the Congress was to form a new balance of power in order to prevent imperialization within Europe. Another goal was to keep from having political revolutions like the French Revolution. -
Greek Independece
With the fall of the Byzantine empire and the rise of the Ottoman empire, the Greeks came under Ottoman rule. At first, a few rebellions were formed by Greeks that seeked independence. The Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy. -
Dissolution of Janissaries
The Janisarries were a young army that worked for the Ottoman sultan. The Janissaries revolted against Mahmud II, and after they were suppressed many of them were imprisoned and replaced by a better military force. -
Britain outlaws slave trade
The British government outlawed the slave trade that Britain had created and went on to abolish slavery in the colonies. The main task was to surppress the Atlantic slave trade by watching the west coast of Africa. -
The Great Trek
The Great Trek was a migration with a purpose to get away from British control in the Cape Colony. This lead to the establishment of many republics such as, Boer, Natalia, Orange Free State, and Transvaal. -
Opium Wars
The Opium wars started with the British East India Company selling opium in India and then running out forcing the British to decide to trade with China. After a while, the cost of opium was very cheap and the Imperial Commissioner for Canton stopped all opium trade with the British. The British continued to trade the Opium illegally and that's when China and the British started to fight in the middle of the ocean. -
Invention of the telegraph
The telegraph was invented by Samuel F.B Morse. The first electrical message that was sent said "What hath God wrought?" -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was partially caused because of the Chinese peoples' discontent with the Manchu Conquerors. It was between the Qin Dynasty and the Chinese rebels. It caused about 20,000,000 to 100,000,000 deaths. -
Crimean War
The Crimean War was between the Russians and the alliance of the Brithsh, French, and the Ottoman empire. This war was considered as one of the first modern wars because it introduced new technological ideas for warfare. Some of the items used for techniques were railroads and the electrical telegraph. -
Sepoy Rebellion
The Sepoy Rebellion was the first Indian War of Independence. The British East India Company had native citizens as troops which were known as the Sepoys and soon became the largest British force in India. -
Emancipation of the Russian Serfs
The emancipation of the surfs was the first liberal reform effected. It gave 23 million people liberty and full rights of a citizen. They had the right to get married without consent, own a business, own property. -
Gandhi
Gandhi was a very important leader in the Indian Independence movement. He was very famous for employing non-violent civil disobidience. He inspired many other leaders in the future by not using violence. -
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It allows transportation by water without having to go around Africa. -
Panama Canal
This canal is is a ship canal in Panama which connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean which was built in 1880 but finished until 1914. This Canal is a very important key to international maritime trade because it prevented people to sail through dangerous waters. -
Imperialization of Africa
The Scramble for Africa was between 1881 and 1914. Many European powers sought to own land in Africa and did it by the military influence and economic dominance. -
African National Congress
The African National Congress is South Africa's political party. The reason it was created, was because everyone wanted to increase the rights of blacks. It's a self disciplined force of the left. -
Overthrow of Qin Dynasty
Many things contributed to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty such as the Opium War, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement, and the Taiping Rebellion. The last thing that brought the Qing dynasty to end was the Revolution of 1911. -
World War 1
This started because of a conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. This involved the world's greatest powers which were the Allies(United Kingdom, France, Russia) and the Central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). -
Wilson's 14 Point Plan
President Wilson created the 14 point plan in order to prevent the outbreak of any future world war and to create a system under which countries would be able to resolve disputes peacefully. -
Treaty of Versailles
It was a peace treaty that ended WWI and created the League of Nations. This treaty takes away Germany's land, people, money, and belongings. -
League of Nations
This was the first permanent international organization whose principal goal was to maintain peace. It didn't work because so much was sacrificed to preserve it, and in the end wars still broke out. -
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a worldwide economic depression following WWII. Many countries were left in debt because of the expenses of the war. People depended on government handouts because of the high rate of unemployment due to the market crashing. -
WWII
World War II was partly caused because of the Germans wanting revenge from the Treaty of Versailles which had blamed Germany for WWI. Hitler rose to power at this time because the Germans were accepting anyone who was against the Treaty of Versailles. -
Cold War
The Cold War was a sustained conflict and disagreement in political and military doctrine between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Series of proxy conflicts were conducted between the two powers as they attempted to spread their respective ideoligies across the world. -
Creation of Pakistan
Theis started with the historical movement against British Raj and Indian Congress to have a Muslim state. The idea came from the seperation of the Indian subcontinent partioned with the British Indian Empire. -
Warsaw Pact
This was a defense treaty between eight communist states of Eastern Europe during the Cold War. This was related to military conflicts between the Soviet Union and West Germany. -
Bay of Pigs
The Bay of pigs was an unsuccessful mission to invade southern Cuba with the U.S. supporting them, in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin wall was built to seperate West Berlin and East Berlin by the German Democratic Republic. Th Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was to protect the people from fascism and to prevent the emigration and defection in Germany. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
The Cuban Missile crisis is when Russian forces brought missiles to Cuba during the Cold War. The United States underwent a state of fear and panic. -
Aswan Dam
This dam captures the world's longest river, the Nile River. Before the dam was built, Egypt would expirience annual floods that worked well with their agricultural production, but the building of the high dam later on prtoected the people. -
9/11
The September 11 attacks made a huge impact on the United States. Terrorists from the Islamic extremist group entered the country and planned out to attack major cities.
