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Jan 1, 1517
Martin Luther begins Protestant Reformation
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Jan 1, 1536
John Calvin of Geneva publishes Instituties of the Christian Religion
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Period: to
Edict of Nantes
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Champlain colonizes Québec for France
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First Africans arrive in Virginia
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Pilgrims sail on the Mayflower to Plymouth Bay
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Dutch found New Netherland
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Virginia becomes a royal colony
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Population of English colonies in America about 2,000
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Charles I dismisses Parliament and persecutes Puritans
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Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Jonathan Edwards begins Great Awakening
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Period: to
Roger Williams convicted of heresy and founds Rhode Island
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Period: to
Connecticut and New Haven colonies founded
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Harvard College founded
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Pequot War
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Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts colony
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Connecticut's Fundamental Orders drafted
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Civil war begins in England between the king and Parliament
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Period: to
English Civil War
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New England Confederation formed
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Louis XIV becomes king of France
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Period: to
Puritan rule of England under Oliver Cromwell
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William Bradford completes "Of Plymouth Plantation"
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First Navigation Laws to control colonial commerce
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New Netherland conquers New Sweden
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Restoration of the monarchy in England Navigation Act
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Half-Way Covenant for Congregational Church membership established
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England seizes New Netherland from Dutch
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East and West Jersey colonies founded
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Virginia assembly disfranchises landless freemen
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Period: to
King Philip's War
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Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia
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Period: to
Mass expansion of slavery in colonies
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William Penn founds Pennsylvania colony
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La Salle explores MIssissippi River to the Gulf of Mexico
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Royal authority creates Dominion of New England
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Period: to
Glorious Revolution overthrows Stuarts and Dominion of New England
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Period: to
Leisler's Rebellion in New York
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Period: to
King William's War (War of the League of Augsburg)
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Salem witch trials in Massachusetts
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College of William and Mary founded
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College of William and Mary founded
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Board of Trade assumes governance of colonies
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Royal African Company slave trade monopoly ended
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Population of English colonies in America about 250,000
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Yale College founded
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Period: to
Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession)
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New York City slave revolt
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French found New Orleans
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Smallpox inoculation introduced
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First edition of Franklin's "Poor Richard's Almanack"
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Period: to
Zenger free-press trial in New York
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George Whitefield spreads Great Awakening
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South Carolina slave revolt
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War of Jenkins's Ear
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Period: to
King George's War (War of Austrian Succession)
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Princeton College founded
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Shaker movement founded in Manchester, England
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Industrial Revolution begins in Britain
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Washington battles French on frontier
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Albany Congress
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Braddock's defeat
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Period: to
Seven Year's War (French and Indian War)
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Pitt emerges as leader of British government
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Battle of Québec
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Britain vetoes South Carolina anti-slave trade measures
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Peace of Paris
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Pontiac's uprising
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Proclamation of 1763
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Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) ends
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Paxton Boys march on Philadelphia
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Brown College founded
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Sugar Act
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Stamp Act Congress
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Quartering Act
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Stamp Act
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Rutgers College founded
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Declartory Acts
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Townshend Acts
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New York legislature suspended by Parliament
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British troops occupy Boston
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Period: to
Regulator protests
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Dartmouth College founded
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Boston Massacre
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All Townshend Acts except tea tax repealed
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Period: to
First Shaker communities established in New York
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Committees of correspondence formed
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Governor Hutchinson's actions provoke Boston Tea Party
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British East India Company granted tea monopoly
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"Intolerable Acts"
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Québec Act
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First Continental Congress
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The Association boycotts British goods
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First Continental Congress calls for abolition of slave trade
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Battles of Lexington and Concord
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Second Continental Congress
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Americans capture British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point
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Battle of Bunker Hill
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King George III formally proclaims colonies in rebellion
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Failed invasions of Canada
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Battles of Lexington and Concord
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Philadelphia Quakers found world's first antislavery movement
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Paine's Common Sense
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Battle of Trenton
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New Jersey constitution temporarily gives women the vote
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Declaration of Independence
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Battle of Brandywine
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Battle of Germantown
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Battle of Saratoga
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Articles of Confederation adopted by Second Continental Congress
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Formation of French-American alliance
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Battle of Monmouth
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Period: to
Clark's victories in the West
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Massachusetts adops first constitution drafted in convention and ratified by popular vote
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Battle of King's Mountain
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Greene leads Carolina campaign
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French and American force Conwallis to surrender at Yorktown
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Articles of Confederation put into effect
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Battle of Cowpens
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North's ministry collapses in Britain
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Treaty of Paris
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MIlitary officers form Society for the Cincinnati
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Treaty of Fort Stanwix
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
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Shay's Rebellion
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Meeting of five states to discuss revision of the Articles of Confederation
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Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia
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Northwest Ordinance
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Ratification by nine states guarantees a new government under the Constitution
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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Washington elected president
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Constitution formally put into effect
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French Revolution begins
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Declaration of the Rights of Man in France
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First official census
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Bill of Rights adopted
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Vermont becomes fourteenth state
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Bank of the United States created
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Excise tax passed
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Toussaint L'Ouverture launches Haitian Revolution
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Samuel Slater buils first US textile factory
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Washington reelected president
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Period: to
Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties formed
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France declares war on Britain and Spain
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Washington's Neutrality Proclamation
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Citizen Genêt affair
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Louis XVI beheaded; radical phase of French Revolution
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Eli Whitney invents cotton gin
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Whitney's cotton gin transforms southern economy
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Battle of Fallen Timbers
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Jay's Treaty with Britain
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Thomas Paine publishes The Age of Reason
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Pinckney's Treaty with Spain
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Treaty of Greenville: Indians cede Ohio
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University of North Carolina founded
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Washington's Farewell Address
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Adams becomes president
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XYZ Affair
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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Period: to
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
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Period: to
Undeclared war with France
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Whitney develops interchangeable parts for muskets
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Jefferson defeats Adams for presidency
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Convention of 1800: peace with France
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Second Great Awakening begins
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Gabriel slave rebellion in Virginia
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Judiciary Act of 1801
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Period: to
Naval war with Tripoli
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Revised naturalization law
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Judiciary Act of 1801 repealed
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Marbury v. Madison
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Louisiana Purchase
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Jefferson reelected president
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Impeachment of Justice Chase
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Haiti emerges as first independent black republic
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Period: to
Lewis and Clark expedition
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Batle of Trafalgar
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Battle of Austerltz
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Peace treatywith Tripoli
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Period: to
Pike's explorations
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Burr treason trial
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Chesapeake affair
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Embargo Act
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Robert Fulton's first steamboat
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Embargo spurs American manufacturing
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Britain abolishes slave trade
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Congress outlaws slave trade
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Royal Navy forms West Africa Squadron
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Madison elected preident
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Macon's Bill No 2
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Napoleo announces (falsely) repeal of blockade decrees
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Maddison reestablishes nonimporation against Britain
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Fletcher v Peck ruling asserts right of Supreme Court to invalidate state laws deemed unconstitutional
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Venezuela declares independence from Spain
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Battle of Tippecanoe
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Cumberland Road construction begins
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United States declares war on Britain
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United States declares war on Britain
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Madison reelected president
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Period: to
American invasions of Canada fail
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Battle of Lake Erie
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Battle of the Thames
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Battle of Horseshoe Bend
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Battle of Plattsburgh
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Treaty of Ghent signed ending War of 1812
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Napoleon exiled to Elba
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British burn Washington, D.C.
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Period: to
Congress of Vienna
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Period: to
Hartford Convention
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Battle of New Orleans
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Napoleon's army defeated at Waterloo
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Second Bank of the United States founded
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Argentina declares independence from Spain
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Monroe elected president
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Protectionist Tariff of 1816
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Rush-Bagot agreement limits naval armament on Great Lakes
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Erie Canal construction begins
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Madison vetoes Calhoun's Bonus Bill
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American Colonization Society formed
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Jackson invades Florida
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Anglo-American Convention
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Chile, in rebellion since 1810, declares independence from Spain
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Panic of 1819
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Spain cedes Florida to United Statse in Adams-Onís Treaty
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McCulloch v Maryland
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Dartmouth College v Woodward
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Jefferson founds University of Virginia
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Missouri Compromise
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Monroe reelected
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Land Act of 1820
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Missouri and Maine admitted to Union
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Missouri Compromise
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Cohens v Virginia
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Cooper publishes The Spy, his first successful novel
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Austria intervenes to crush popular uprising in Italy
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Emma Willard establishes Troy (New York) Female Seminary
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Vesey slave conspiracy in Charleston, South Carolina
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Republic of LIberia established in Africa
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Vesey slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina
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France intervenes to suppress liberal government in Spain
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Mexico opens Texas to American settlers
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Secretary Adams proposes Monroe Doctrine
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Russo-American Treaty
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Lack of electoral majority for presidency throws election into House of Representatives
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Gibbens v Ogden
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Erie Canal completed
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New Harmony commune established
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House elects John Quincy Adams president
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Erie Canal completed
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American Temperance Society founded
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Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
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American Peace Society founded
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Noah Webster publishes dictionary
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Jackson elected president
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The South Carolina Exposition published
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First railroad in United States
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Walker publishes "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"
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Joseph Smith founds Mormon Church
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Godey's Lady's Book first published
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Indian Removal Act
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July Revolution in France
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Period: to
Finney conducts revivals in eastern cities
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Period: to
Alexis de Tocqueville tours United States
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Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia
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Garrison begins publishing "THe Liberator"
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Period: to
Virginia legislature debates slavery and emancipation
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"Bank War" - Jackson vetoes bill to recharter Bank of the United States
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Reform Bill in Britain expands electorate
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Tariff of 1832
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Black Hawk War
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Jackson defeats Clay for presidency
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Period: to
South Carolina nullification crisis
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Compromise Tariff of 1833
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Jackson removes federal deposits from Bank of the United States
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British abolish slavery in West Indies
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American Anti-Slavery Society fouded
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Anti-Catholic riot in Boston
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Cyrus McCormick invents mechanical mower-reaper
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Abolitionist students expelled from Lane Theological Seminary
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Lyceum movement flourishes
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US Post Office orders destruction of abolitionist mail
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"Broadcloth Mob" attacks Garrison
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Specie Circular issued
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Bank of the United States expires
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Bureau of Indian Affairs established
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Battle of the Alamo
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Battle of San Jacinto
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Texas wins independence from Mexico
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Van Buren elected president
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House of Representatives passes "Gag Resolution"
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Oberlin College admits female students
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Mary Lyon establishes Mouth Holyoke Seminary
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Seminole Indians defeated and eventually removed from Florida
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United States recognizes Texas republic but refuses annexation
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Panic of 1837
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John Deere develops steel plow
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Emerson delivers "The American Scholar" address
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Mob kills abolitionist Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois
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Canadian rebellion and Caroline incident
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Period: to
Cherokee Indians removed on "Trail of Tears"
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Weld publishes "American Slavery as It is"
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Slave revolt aboard Amistad
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Aroostook War breaks out over Maine boundary
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London antislavery convention refuses to recognize female delegates
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Independent treasury established
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Harrison defeats Van Buren for presidency
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President Van Buren establishes ten-hour day for federal employees
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Antislavery Liberty party organized
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Brook Farm commune established
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Harrison dies after four weeks in office
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Tyler assumes presidency
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Massachusetts declares labor unions legal in Commonwealth v Hunt
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Webster-Ashburton treaty
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Dorothea Dix petitions Massachusetts legislature on behalf of the insane
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Period: to
Era of clipper ships
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Samuel Morse invents telegraph
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Anti-Catholic riot in Philadelphia
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Polk defeats Clay in "Manifest Destiny" election
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Caleb Cushing signs Treaty of Wanghia with China
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Period: to
Potato famine in Ireland
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Douglass publishes "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass"
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United States annexes Texas
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Elias Howe invents sewing machine
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Period: to
Mormon migration to Utah
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Walker Tariff
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Independent treasury restored
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United States settles Oregon dispute with Britain
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United States and Mexico clash over Texas boundary
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Kearny takes Santa Fe
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Frémont conquers California
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Wilmot Proviso passes House of Representatives
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Period: to
Mexican War
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Battle of Buena Vista
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Scott takes Mexico City
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Seneca Falls Woman's Rights Convention held
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Oneida Community established
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First general incorporation laws in New York
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Democratic revolutions collapse in Germany
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Free Soil party organized
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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British seize port of San Juan del Norte in Nicaragua
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican War
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Taylor defeats Cass and Van Buren for presidency
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American, or Know-Nothing, party formed
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California Gold Rush
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Hawthorne publishes The Scarlet Letter
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Filmore assumes presidency after Taylor's death
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Compromise of 1850, including Fugitive Slave Law
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Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Britain
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London World's Fair
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Melville publishes Moby Dick
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Maine passes first law prohibiting liquor
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Australian gold rush
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Cumberland Road completed
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Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
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Pierce defeats Scott for presidency
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Gadsden Purchase from Mexico
-
Period: to
Crimean War in Russia
-
Commodore Perry opens Japan
-
Ostend Manifesto proposes seizure of Cuba
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Kansas-Nebraska Act repeals Missouri Compromise of 1820
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Republican party organized
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Republican party forms
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Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass
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William Waler becomes president of Nicaragua and legalizes slavery
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Sumner beaten by Brooks in Senate chamger
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Browns Pottawatomie Massacre
-
Buchanan defeats Frémont and Fillmore for presidency
-
Period: to
Civil War in "bleeding Kansas"
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Dred Scott decision
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Lecompton Constitution rejected
-
Tariff of 1857
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Panic of 1857
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Hinton R. Helper publishes "The Impending Crisis of the South"
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Cyrus Field lays first transatlantic cable
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Lincoln-Douglas debates
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Brown raids Harpers Ferry
-
Pony Express established
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Lincoln wins four-way race for presidency
-
South Carolina secedes from Union
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Crittenden Compromise fails
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Lincoln takes office (date accurate)
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Fort Sumter fired on (date accurate)
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First transcontinental telegraph
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Confederate government formed
-
Four upper South states secede
-
Morrill Tariff Act passed
-
Trent affair
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Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus
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Seven seceding states form Confederate States of America
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First Battle of Bull Run
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Homestead Act
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McClellan's Peninsula Campaign
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Seven Days' Battles
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Second Battle of Bull Run
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Battle of Antietam
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Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
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Battle of Fredricksburg
-
Northern army seizes New Orleans
-
Grant takes Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
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Naval battle of Merrimack (Virginia) and Monitor
-
Confederacy enacts conscription
-
Period: to
Alabama raids Northern shipping
-
Union enacts conscription
-
New York City draft riots
-
National Banking System established
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Final Emancipation Proclamation
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Battle of Chancellorsville
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Battle of Gettysburg
-
Fall of Vicksburg
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Fall of Port Hudson
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Lincoln announces "10 percent" Reconstruction plan
-
Period: to
Napoleon III installs Archduke Maximilian as emperor of Mexico
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Sherman's march through Georgia
-
Grant's Wilderness Campaign
-
Battle of Cold Harbor
-
Lincoln defeats McClellan for presidency
-
Lincoln vetoes Wade-Davis Bill
-
Alabama sunk by Union warship
-
Hampton Roads Conference
-
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox
-
Lincoln assassinated
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Thirteenth Amendment ratified
-
Lincoln assassinated
-
Johnson issues Reconstruction proclamation
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Congress refuses to seat Southern congressmen
-
Freedmen's Bureau established
-
Southern states pass Black Codes
-
Permanent transatlantic cable established
-
Congress passes Civil Rights Bill over Johnson's veto
-
Congress passes Fourteenth Amendment
-
Johnson-backed candidates lose congressional election
-
Ex parte Milligan case
-
Ku Klux Klan founded
-
Reconstruction Act
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Tenure of Office Act
-
Reform Bill expands British electorate
-
United States purchases Alaska from Russia
-
Meiji Restoration in Japam
-
Johnson pardons Confederate leaders
-
Johnson impeached and acquitted
-
Fifteenth Amendment ratified
-
Period: to
Force Acts
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Freedmen's Bureau ended
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Reconstruction ends