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Birth
The day I was born -
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Sensorimotor
experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping) -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (Infancy)
trust vs. mistrust- if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust -
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Lawrence Kohlberg’s Three Stages of Moral Development (preconventional)
preconventional morality: before age 9, most childrens morality focuses on self-interest: they obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards -
Raise head to 45 degrees
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Roll over
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Sit with Support
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Sit without Support
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Pull Self to Standing Position
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Attachment
Secure attachment is when mothers are very warm and open to their children, causing them to feel distressed when separated from the mother.
Insecure attachment is when infants avoid attachment because their mothers are not as warm -
Walk holding on to furniture
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Creep
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Stand alone
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Temperment
Difficult babies: more irritable, intense, and unpredictable.
Easy babies: more cheerful, relaxed, and predictable in feeding and sleeping
slow-to-warm-up babies: tend to resist or withdraw from new people and situations -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (toddlerhood)
autonomy vs. shame and doubt: toddlers learn to excersise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities -
Walk
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Preoperational
representing things with words and images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (preschool)
initiative vs. guilt: preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (elementary school)
industry vs. inferiority: children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior -
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Concrete Operational
Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing artithmetical operations -
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Lawrence Kohlberg’s Three Stages of Moral Development (conventional)
conventional morality: by early adolescence, morality focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are laws and rules -
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Formal Operational
Abstract reasoning -
Average age of first menarche
changes in girls during puberty: breasts, pubic hair, acne, growth
changes in boys during puberty: body hair, voice change, acne, growing -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (adolescence)
identity vs. role confusion: teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are -
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Lawrence Kohlberg’s Three Stages of Moral Development (postconventional)
postconventional morality: with the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought, people may reach a third moral level. Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development
intimacy vs. isolation: young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated -
Marriage
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First child born
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cognitive changes
cognitive changes: crystallized intelligence is our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, this increases with age.
fluid intelligence: our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreses during late adulthood
dementia: substantial loss of brain cells can cause this mental erosion
Alzheimer's disease: symptoms are not normal aging, a series of small strokes, a brain tumor, or alcohol dependence can progressively damage the brain causing Alzheimers -
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sensory abilities decrease
sensory abilities decrease with age. Visual sharpness diminishes, distance and perception decrease, neural processing slows down -
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physical changes that occur during middle and late adulthood
gradual decline in fertility (female)
gradual decline in sperm count and testosterone (male) older people become more susceptible to short-term illnesses, brain neurons die, become senile in later life, memory declines, life satisfaction declines -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (middle adulthood)
generativity vs. stagnation: in middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose -
Midlife Transition
Midlife transition: the discontent of boredom with a persons life causing a change in their lifestyle -
Menopause
when a woman ages, her fertility gradually declines and it ends her menstrual cycle. -
Menopause (avg. age= 51)
menopause: when a woman ages, fertility decreases and it stops her menstrual cycle. -
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Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development (late adulthood)
integrity vs. despair: reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure