AP European History Final Timeline

Medieval Time

Period: 500 to 1500

Medieval TIme

Consolation of Philosophy

523

Written in 523 AD, The Consolation of Philosophy is a philosophical work by Boethius. It has been described as the single most important and influential work in the West on Medieval and early Renaissance Christianity, as well as the last great Western work of the Classical Period.

Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor.

527

Justin named his favorite Nephew, Justinian, to become the Ceasar of Byzantine. In 527, Justinian was promoted to Co-emperor. On Justin's death, Justinian I was named the supreme emperor

Nika riots in Constantinople.

532

The Nika Riots took place against Emperor Justinian I in Constantinople over the course of a week in 532 AD. They were the most violent riots in the city's history. Nearly half of Constantinople was burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people were killed.

Gothic War

535

The two civilizations that fought in the Gothic War were the East Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Justinian I and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. It took place from 535 until 554 in the Italian peninsula, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Corsica. It was one of the last of the many Gothic Wars with the Roman Empire.

Muhammad is born

570

Muhammad, full name "Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim" was born. He was the Prophet of Islam and proclaimer of the Qur'an. He was born in Mecca as a member of the ruling Hashim clan of the tribe of Quraysh.

Last great Roman–Persian War.

602

Also called the "Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628", they last great Roman-Persian War was the final and most devastating of the series of wars fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire of Iran. This was the last war

Battle of Ninevah

627

Heraclius gathered his heterogeneous army of Turks (40,000 Gokturks allies) and Romans and invaded the Persian heartland at the beginning of September. Heraclius ended up defeating the Turks and being victorious

Death of Muhammad

632

The prophet Muhammad dies. This is a sad day for all those who followed him.

Beginning of Abbasid Caliphate

750

The Abbasids were strong leaders who controlled a vast territory and created a culture that is often referred as the Golden Age of Islam. They ruled for 6 centuries.

Pepin promises the Pope central Italy

754

This is arguably the beginning of the temporal power of the Papacy. Pepin promises the Pope all the power in central Italy, letting him control it all.

Charlemagne's Reign

768

Also known as Karl and Charles the Great, Charlemagne was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. In 771, Charlemagne became king of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and western German

Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor

800

Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in 800 CE. This helped in restoring the Roman Empire in the West for the first time since its dissolution in the 5th century. Charlemagne was selected for a variety of reasons, one of which was his long-standing protectorate over the papacy.

Death of Charlemagne

814

Charlemagne was laid to rest in the Aachen Cathedral, in his imperial capital city of Aachen. Charlemagne married at least four times and had three legitimate sons who lived to adulthood.

Battle of Anchialus

917

Simeon I the Great defeats the Byzantines. It was one of the biggest and bloodiest battles of the European Middle Ages, was one of the worst disasters ever to befall a Byzantine army

Otto the Great crowned the Holy Roman Emperor

962

Otto I was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope John XII on February 2nd 962. Otto had conquered the Kingdom of Italy, which is the reason he was declared emperor.

Peace and Truce of God formed

989

The Peace and Truce of God, also called in Latin the "Pax et treuga Dei", was a movement in the Middle Ages. The movement was led by the Catholic Church and the first mass peace movement in history.

Pope Leo IX ascends to the papal throne

1049

He was born under the name Bruno of Egisheim-Dagsburg. He was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from February 12, 1049, until his death. He was widely considered the most historically significant German Pope of the Middle Ages

The astrolabe is first used

1050

The astrolabe was introduced to Europe from Islamic Spain in 1050. Early Islamic astrolabes were typically used for land journeys. As Europeans began traveling farther distances across oceans, they created a version of the astrolabe for sea travel.

The East-West Schism

1054

It divided the church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. They split because they argued over who had papal authority.

Dictatus Papae

1075

It was a compilation of 27 statements made by Pope Gregory VII. These statements included "declarations that extol papal primacy ", which even includes the claim that Popes can depose emperors.

The Construction of the Tower of London begin

1077

Officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, The Tower of London is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. Present-day you can visit the tower as a tourist.

First Crusade

1099

The First Crusade was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was to recover the Holy Land.

The University of Oxford is founded

1117

The University of Oxford was founded by Alfred the Great in the year 1117. Present-day it is a collegiate research facility.

The Anarchy begins in England

1135

Following the death of Henry I, The Anarchy begins in England. The Anarchy is a period of civil war and unsettled government, sometimes known as the 19-year winter.

Founding of the University of Paris

1150

Also known as Sorbonne, the University of Paris was founded in 1150. It was founded because the French wanted to reform higher education.

Common Law

1154

Common law is " law that is derived from judicial decisions instead of from statutes." There is a more common state law, but also federal laws.

Building of the Notre Dame has started

1163

The first cornerstone of Notre Dame is laid in the year 1163. It would not be finished being built until the mid 14th century.

Windmills

1185

The use of windmills was first recorded in 1185. Windmills were used to create simple power for work systems.

Saladin recaptures Jerusalem

1187

The siege of Jerusalem lasted from September 20 to October 2, 1187. It ended when the Balian of Ibelin surrendered the city to Saladin. This marked a huge win for the Muslims.

Third Crusade

1189

After Saladin unites the Muslims with recapturing Jerusalem, the Third Crusade happens. This happens because Jerusalem is still getting settled after the Ayyubid conquer Jerusalem.

Compasses

1199

The Europeans first used compasses in the late 12th century. Compasses would help the Europeans become great explorers. At the time, however, these compasses were used more as backup if the traveler could not see the sun, moon, or stars.

Fourth Crusade

1202

The Fourth Crusade was a huge milestone in the Crusades. The Siege of Zara was the first major Crusade action and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders.

Constantinople falls

1204

In the midst of the Fourth Crusade, Constantinople falls. This marks the fall of the whole Byzantine Empire.

Genghis Khan

1206

In the early 16th century, Genghis Khan was elected as Khagan of the Mongols and the Mongol Empire was established. The Mongols would go on to conquer much of Eurasia.

Franciscan Order.

1209

The founding of the Franciscan Order was in 1209. Francis began preaching his Word in 1207 and went to the Pope to form a new religious order. It was not until 1209 that the Pope agreed.

Magna Carta

1215

The Magna Carta is sealed by John of England. This marks one of the first times a medieval ruler is forced to accept limits on his power.

Death of Genghis Khan

1227

His kingdom is divided among his children and grandchildren. Empire of the Great Khan, Chagatai Khanate, Mongolian Homeland, and the Blue Horde and White Horde. The White Horde would later become the Golden Horde.

The first Mongol invasion of Vietnam

1258

After Genghis Khan passed, the new leader, Güyük Khan, attempts to invade Nam. Unfortunately for Guyuk, the Mongol army was defeated by emperor Tran Thai Tong of Đại Việt

Second and Third Invasions of Nam

1285

In 1285, the Mongol Army attempts to invade Vietnam again. After losing yet again to the Mongols, Guyuk decides to invade Nam again in 1287. Vietnam has a decisive win over the Mongols, and Guyuk is forced to sign a peace treaty.

Beginning of the Ottoman Empire

1299

The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I. The Ottoman Empire goes on to be the longest-lasting Islamic Empire, lasting over 600 years and into the 19th century.

Divine Comedy

1310

Dante publishes his Divine Comedy. The Divine Comedy will become one of the most defining works of literature during the Late Middle Ages, and among the most recognizable in all of literature.

Hundred Years War

1337

This war is between the England and France as they struggle for domination over positions in Europe. This war will be split up into 3 to 4 different war periods, lasting over 116 years.

Black Death

1347

About 20% to 40% of the population of Europe is thought to have died within the first year. This is the first of many occurrences of this plague. By the end it was said to have killed over half of the population of Europe.

Peasant's Revolt

1381

Also called Wat Tyler's Rebellion, the Peasants' Revolt was the first great popular rebellion in English history he uprising was centered in the southeastern counties and East Anglia. It caught King Richard II by surprise

English Bible

1381

The Bible is translated into English by John Wycliffe. This helps out with the spreading of the Bible in for the countries that only spoke English.

The Battle of Nicopolis

1396

The last great Crusade falls. It ends up with Bulgaria getting conquered by the Ottomans.

Henry IV becomes King

1399

Richard II abdicates the throne to Henry of Bolingbroke, who becomes Henry IV of England. This marks the end of Plantagenet dynasty, and marks the beginning of the Lancaster line.

Joan of Arc

1431

Also known as "The Maid of Orléans", Joan of Arc is considered a heroine for what she did in the Hundred Years War. Joan of Arc was trialed and executed at the age of 19. 20 years after her execution her name was cleared, she was later canonized in the 20th century

The Medici Family

1434

The Medici family rises to prominence in Florence. A wealthy family of bankers, they not only have money, but they hold lots of influence.

Christopher Columbus

1492

Christopher Columbus attempts to find a faster way to Asia, and stumbles across the "New World". This will eventually lead the settlement in what is now present day America.