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Period: 1400 to
Hapsburg Dynasty
An in-bred dynasty that ruled over Austria, Spain, and much of the Holy Roman Empire. Always in comptetion with other European countries. -
Period: 1415 to
Age of Exploration
Began as Spain and Portugal sought to find faster routes to Asia overseas. They also wanted to spread Christianity, obtain gold (wealth), and glory (achievement and recognition). Throughout this era there would be advancements in navigation, such as the astroloabe (astronomical measurements), Mercator projection (cartography), and the Caravel (small, fast sailing ship). Would also lead to the establishment of colonies to gain wealth as Africa was rich in gold. -
Period: 1450 to
Northern Renaissance
Focused on realism, strayed away from depicting Godly identities, and instead depicted daily life. The people called for a religious reformation and founded the idea of Christian Humanism. Prominent figures are Erasmus, critiquied the Church and its clergy through his satirical book, the Praise of Folly, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, painted the Peasant Wedding, and Martin Luther King, called for reformation of the church and advocated for personal interpretation of the Bible. -
Period: 1450 to 1550
Italian Renaissance
The revival of Ancient Greek and Roman classical learning. Focused on facial expressions and capturing God like people. Reimagined Biblical settings and adorned churches with paintings depicting these settings. Also focused on the anatomy of people. Prominent figures include Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Donatello. They used techniques such as the triangle method and focal point. Their works were funded by wealthy patrons. -
Period: 1485 to
Tudor Dynasty
Began with Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.
Henry VIII broke off from the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England.
Elizabeth became queen due to being the only alive child of Henry VIII past adolescnece, despite his multiple attempts of having an male heir. Elizabeth encouraged English literature and drama, especially Shakespeare's. She defeated the Spanish Armada's naval fleets in 1588, which enforced and secured the Protestant English rule in England. Ended with Elizabeth's death. -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of crops, diseases, ideas, and livestock from the Old world to the New world, and vise versa. Improved the nutritious value consumed by the Old world, and killed off the Native population, their culture, and their crops. -
Period: 1500 to
Slave Trade
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Period: 1500 to
Tringular trade
The exchange of goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Goods would consists of livestock, textiles, cloth, sugar cane, tobacco, rice, weaponry, potatoes, and cotton. Not only were goods changed but also diseases and enslaved people. This would help the Old world's population increase, but it would worsen the conditions for those, the Natives and Africans, that were under control of the European powers. -
Period: 1500 to
Commercial Revolution
An increase in overseas trade, innovations in banking, joint-stock companies, and mercantilist policies.This would fuel European Colonialism. Goods were manufactured and sold with the focus of making a profit rather than for subsistence. -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth of England takes the throne
