AP Euro TImeline A

Dante's Inferno

Nov 30, 1310

Part of Dante's Divine Comedy, discusses Dante's journey through the seven circles of Hell, reflects the psychological thoughts present before the Renaissance.

Petrarch dies

Nov 30, 1374

Regarded as the father of early humanism

Peasants Revolt

Nov 30, 1381

Major uprising in England, alternatively called Wat Tyler's uprising. Influenced the course of the Hundred Years War between England and France. Caused by the economic tensions of the Black Death

Jan Huss burned

Nov 30, 1415

Burned for speaking out against the church and local authority, wanted to translate bible into Czech.

Jan Van Eyck paints Wedding of Arnolfini

Nov 30, 1434

This painting of the northern renaissance showcased the new techniques being developed; perspective, lighting, and geometry.

Constantinople falls

Nov 30, 1453

Ends the legacy of the Eastern roman empire, and highlights the height of the Ottoman empire

Johannes Guttenburg Printing Press

Nov 30, 1455

Revolutionized printing of works. Increased literacy rates, more books, helped protestant reformation.

Inquisition arrives in Spain

Nov 30, 1478

Led to the conquering of Granada, and the Spanish Inquisition. Deeply pious Catholic monarchy enabled this to happen, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille.

Spain Invades Granada

Nov 30, 1482

This event occured during the course of the Spanish inquistion, and was led be the monarchy of Isabella and Ferdinand, led to the exodus of the jews

Botticelli Primavera painted

Nov 30, 1482

This painting highlights the influences of ancient roman and greek art.

Spenger and Kramer's Witches Hammer

Nov 30, 1487

Written by Spenger and Kramer, monks, and recieved the blessing of Pope Innocent VIII. Describes various torture methods for witches.

Ferdinand and Isabella marry

Nov 30, 1492

This marriage united the Iberian states of Castille and Aragon

Columbus sails West

Nov 30, 1492

With the patronage of the Spanish monarchy, Columbus sails west to find a trade route to China, however, he discovers the Americas instead.

Medici's flee Florence

Nov 30, 1494

A wealthy and powerful Italian banking family, fled during the rise of Savonarola in Florence.

Italian Wars

Period: Nov 30, 1494 to Nov 30, 1498

Series of wars launched upon the northern city-states of Italy, which only occured due to the lack of cooperation and unity between the seemingly succeptable states. France vs Spain for control.

Vasco De Gama sails around Africa

Nov 30, 1497

Patroned by Henry the navigator, this Portuguese explorer discoveres the south of Africa and a trade route to Indian ocean trade.

Da Vinci paints the Last Supper

Nov 30, 1498

Painting that gained fame and fortune for Leonardo. Depicts Jesus with his disciples before he is crucified.

Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa

Nov 30, 1503

Commonly reknowned as the most famous painting of all time, probably due to the masked intent of the smile behind the woman pictured, implying a revolutionary amount of skill in portraying humanity.

St. Peter's Bascilica built

Nov 30, 1506

Patroned by a number of popes, this bascilica is said to hold the remains of Saint Peter himself, sight of one of Michelangelo's greatest commisions.

Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel

Period: Nov 30, 1508 to Nov 30, 1512

One of Michelangelo's most famous paintings, patroned by Pope Julius II.

Henry VIII becomes king

Nov 30, 1509

From the house of Tudor, famous for creatin the Angelican church in spite of not being able to divorce his wives. Father of Elizabeth I

Erasmus writes praise of Folly

Nov 30, 1509

Written towards Thomas More, this book was published in 1511, and a major role in creating new ideas to reform the Church, and thus led into the Protestant reformation.

Raphael paints School of Athens

Nov 30, 1511

This piece reflects the classical influences present in the Renaissance, and can be considered one of Michelangelos's greatest works.

Thomas More prints Utopia

Nov 30, 1516

This book discusses an ideal society and nation, and was written as a criticism of contemporary European society.

Martin Luther's 95 Theses

Nov 30, 1517

Series of 95 Theses published by Martin Luther which laid the foundation for the Protestant reformation.

Pope Leo X endorses indulgences

Nov 30, 1518

Indulgences were a ticket out of purgatory that were heavily criticized by Martin Luther and other protestant reformers

Cortes Conquers the Aztecs

Period: Nov 30, 1518 to Nov 30, 1528

Slaughtered many Aztecs in Mexico. Motives were glory, missionary work, and gold.

Charles V becomes HRE Emperor

Nov 30, 1519

Due to lineage, Charles V inherited both Spain and the HRE, however, he eventually abdicated the responsibilities to his son and brother.

Da Vinci dies

Nov 30, 1519

Died at Clos Luce, spent his last days under Pope Leo X.

Magellans voyage around the world

Period: Nov 30, 1519 to Nov 30, 1521

Magellan circumnavigates the world, unforunately dying in Indonesia, however, bringing a newfound perspective to the World.

Diet of Worms

Nov 30, 1521

Issued under Charles V, this edict declared Martin Luther and his followers as criminals and exiles.

Marburg Colloquy

Nov 30, 1529

An attempt to join together the different denominations of Protestantism, attempt by Zwingli and Luther, failed.

Machiavelli publishes the Prince

Nov 30, 1532

Political piece written towards the Medicis, making a statememnt on how a proper ruler should act.

Pizarro conquers the Incas

Period: Nov 30, 1532 to Nov 30, 1535

Arrived in Peru, and took advantage of internal conflicts between leaders and tribes.

Thomas More executed

Nov 30, 1535

Executed because he did not support King Henry Viii and was sentenced for treason.

John Calvin rpints Institutes of the Christian Religon

Nov 30, 1536

This document led to the protestant denomination of Calvinism, and introduced a handful of reforms for the church.

Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuits

Nov 30, 1540

The Jesuits were founded during the protestant reformation.

El Greco born

Nov 30, 1541

Painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish renaissance, greek ethnicity.

Bartolome de las casas writes Charles V

Nov 30, 1545

Las Casas was a popular critic of the Spanish treatment of natives in the new world.

Council of Trent

Period: Nov 30, 1545 to Nov 30, 1563

Counter-reformation to reform the Catholic church and deal with Protestants

Martin Luther dies

Nov 30, 1546

Died of poor health, including Meniere's disease, vertigo, fainting, tinnitus, and a cataract.

Henry VII dies

Nov 30, 1547

Obesity and old age led to the death of King Henry Viii

Peace of Augsburbg

Nov 30, 1555

Allowed the HRE's states to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism, ended conflict in HRE.

Philip II becomes King of Spain

Nov 30, 1556

Absolutist Spanish monarch, Philip II had a positive effect on his nation, making sure to work with the nobles and partake in government councils.

Elizabeth becomes Queen

Nov 30, 1558

Her predescesor Anne Boleyn. Last of the Tudors, daughter of Henry VII. Supported Henry IV of France

French Wars of Religion begin

Nov 30, 1562

Fought between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) in France. Ended with the Edict of Nantes.

william shakespeare born

Nov 30, 1564

Shakespeare's works are known even today and helped to represent the new world view of the middle class in respect to other races and people.

John Calvin dies

Nov 30, 1564

Became ill with a fever. Attempted to finish "The Institutes" before he died, forcing himself to work even in sickness.

Peter Brughal paints Wedding Feast

Nov 30, 1567

This painting gave insight to the common life present at weddings. It also presented the evolving skills with oil paints at the time.

Dutch Revolt begins

Nov 30, 1568

Ensued from religious conflict; Protestants revolted in the northern regions against Spanish authority.

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Nov 30, 1572

Charles IX of France ordered assassinations on Huguenot Protestants leaders in pairs which let to mass killing of thousands huguenots.

Spanish Armada

Nov 30, 1588

A fleet created to assault England and overthrow Elizabeth I, however, this failed due to the mobility of the English navy and the colder climate.

King Henry IV of France (Henry of Navarre) becomes King

Nov 30, 1589

First of the house of Bourbon, involved in French wars of religion

Edict of Nantes

Nov 30, 1598

Gave Huguenots in France rights during French wars of religion.

Philip II of Spain dies

Nov 30, 1598

Died in El Escorial, near Madrid, of cancer, gout, fever, and edema.

Death of Elizabeth I

Nov 30, 1603

Following the death of many of her friends and close ones, sickness and old age got the best of Queen Elizabeth I, ending the line of Tudors.

Enclosure Acts

Period: Nov 30, 1604 to Nov 30, 1914

These acts regulated land in Britain, giving property rights to citizens that were considered common.

Cervantes Don Quixote

Period: Nov 30, 1605 to Nov 30, 1615

Written by Miguel de Cervantes, this book capsulates the ideas of chivalry in the 17th century.

King James Bible printed

Nov 30, 1611

Translated bible into English

Thirty Years War begins

Nov 30, 1618

Began with the Defenestration of Prague, when Catholic and Protestant tensions rose greatly in the Holy Roman Empire

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden dies

Nov 30, 1632

King of Sweden, one of the greatest military commanders of all time. Reign during thirty years war.

English Civil War begins

Nov 30, 1642

Civil war between the Parliament and Charles I, caused by his excessive taxation and tension left over by the thirty years war. Ended in Charles I's execution.

English Civil War

Period: Nov 30, 1642 to Nov 30, 1651

Tensions rose from puritans who disagreed with Henry Viii's Angelican church, and Charles I taxes. Ended with Charles's execution and the formation of the rump parliament.

Peace of Westphalia

Nov 30, 1648

Ended the Thirty Years War and the Eighty Years War.

Charles I executed

Nov 30, 1649

Result of English civil war, tried to create an absolute monarchy but failed, and was eventually executed by the Rump Parliament.

Rump Parliament

Nov 30, 1651

Formed when Charles I's member of Parliament were evicted from their positions, and monitored Oliver Cromwell.

Navigation Act passed

Period: Nov 30, 1651 to Nov 30, 1851

A series of acts that inhibited foreign trade in Britain and its empire.

Oliver Cromwell become Lord Protector

Nov 30, 1653

Result of English Civil War, practical dictator of a new English republic.

Oliver Cromwell Dies

Nov 30, 1658

Republican dictator of England after Charles I was executed.

Today

Nov 29, 2014