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395
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The empire failed to enforce its rule and was divided into many polities. Mainly due to the fall of the military losses to other militaries. -
500
Barbarism
Barbarism caused widespread disorder and suffering. Kings couldn't defend their lands. These attacks were mainly on Rome. -
590
Gregory the Great becomes Pope
Gregory felt that the church was the supreme authority over everybody. He wanted to expand the church to other territories. -
800
charlemagne as the holy roman emperor
Restored the Holy Roman Empire in the West for the first time since its downfall. Charlemagne gave money and land to the church and protected the popes. -
1215
Magna Carta
Right to test by jury, not king's opinion; King cant seize property; King cant raise taxes unless elected representative agrees; Cant be accused of a crime without witnesses. -
1215
Creation of Parliament
Came with the signing of the Magna Carta. It means the King had to share power with representatives. Similar to our power with congress and the president. -
1346
The Black Death
The pandemic spread from being carried by rats and fleas; the most fatal pandemic in history. Approx. 75-200 million killed. Caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. -
1400
Colonialism
Colonialism is when a country conquers and rules over other regions. Portugal and Spain were very big on this. -
1441
Prince Henry sponsors Portuguese Explorers
Prince Henry sponsored the exploration of the African Coast and hunting expeditions. Many slaves were captured and brought back to Portugal. -
1451
Leonardo Da Vinci
Most famous for his paintings The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He was born in Florence and kept up the famous title for art in Florence. -
1469
Rise of Florence
Town transformed from being a small town to a well-known commercial and rich town. This was the start of the 15th revolution in art and architecture. Rich people lived here to support artists; a rich family includes the Medici family, which ruled Florence for more than 60 years. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus discovered the Bahamas in 1492. His ships landed on a native island that Columbus renamed San Salvador. -
1500
Scientific Revolution
Major new ideas emerged. It was believed that there are “laws of nature” that govern nature and the universe can be discovered and applied to the same situation with the same results. The world can thus be understood, predicted, and shaped by humans, not just God. -
1517
95 Theses
The 95 theses states that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds. This started the Protestant Restoration. -
1523
Spanish Settlers and Missionaries
Spanish missionaries were sent by the Roman Catholic Church to convert others to Christianity. They led the settlement and early government. -
1525
Twelve Articles
Luther wrote two articles about Admonition to Peace Concerning the Twelve Articles of the Peasants, which showed sympathy for the peasants. He also wrote Against the Murderous and Robbing Hordes of the Peasants, which forcefully denounced them. -
1542
Copernicus
He was appointed priest of the cathedral of Frauenburg, Poland and in this town he died in 1543, having devoted the latter part of his life largely to astronomy. He laid the foundations of modern astronomy by proposing the heliocentric model. -
1543
The Heliocentric Model
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric, or sun-centered, model of the universe. Other astronomers added more evidence strengthening his theory. Their evidence was based on logical-mathematical formulas and what they could see with their eyes. Galileo built a telescope and supported the heliocentric model with more observable proof and was put on trial for heresy. -
1543
Medicine
Like astronomy, medicine had been based on classical thinkers. Improvements made through increasing use of autopsies ad dissections - first on animals, then of the human body had been extremely taboo if not explicitly forbidden. Herbalists and midwives provide vital services but were primary targets for accusations of witchcraft lessened when the practice of chemical pharmacology became mainstream. -
1545
Council of Trent
The council of trent was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. They are most known for abolishing some abuses and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms affecting the sale of indulgences. -
1550
Dutch Commercial Dominance
The Dutch monopolized European and world trade. The beginnings of capitalism resulted in the joint-stock company, mercantilism, and the Bank of Amsterdam. -
1560
Bodin
Believes that the monarch obeys the laws of nature and grants its subjects their natural beauty and private property. Louis XIV believed that absolutism was free of all restraints. Bodin didn’t believe this but instead believed that you must obey the laws of nature. -
1570
Potato Revolution
The potato arrived in Europe before the end of the 16th century. It first arrived in Spain around 1570 and continued to spread. Potatoes were very popular and Irish farmers ate around 10 pounds a day. -
Scientific Method
Learning was based on what's observed, rather than faith-based reasoning. Ideas about the universe had to be both observed and proven through experiments -
Astronomy
The first and most significant discoveries of the scientific revolution were in the field of astronomy. Aristotle and Ptolemy said that the earth was the center of the universe, a geocentric model. The work of these classical thinkers was seen as fixed, and unchanging
Accepted by the church. If you directly challenged official church doctrine, you were accused of heresy -
Dutch Golden Age
It has music and art being shown in it which is converted to the new human growth of humanism. Maps had a major impact on world trade and maps are shown in the paintings -
Galileo
Other professors didn't care to look at his work. He believed that people who disagreed would him would go as far as to charge him with crimes. He says that they shield themselves with lies of the bible and believes that this is wrong and heretical. -
Bossuet
He believed that the king was extremely valuable and powerful, that it was sacred and should be honored. He believed his power was absolute, deriving from God; and that he was guided by reason. -
English Civil War
When King Charles I challenged the power of parliament, they raised an army. This Civil war lasted for 5 years -
Louis XIV
The Fronde was a series of uprisings against the monarchy's increased power. This inspired Louis to use Versailles and its elaborate rituals and ceremonies kept the nobles in line. Louis was called the "Sun King," as his subjects revolved around him. -
Commercial Wars
Also known as the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the Commercial Wars are significant in the downfall of the Dutch empire and the rise of England's navy. -
Hobbes
He believes they have to be able to defend all of their people, he believes that it is the only true form. He believes its the only way to avoid civil war and to maintain peace -
Versailles and the Image of a King
The purpose of all the paintings and architecture of Versailles was to celebrate and glorify the Sun King. Louis XIV used his fashion and image to suppress the nobility and inspire awe in both his subjects and foreign powers. Symbols in the painting of Louis XIV allude to his military might and royal authority. -
Peter The Great
Peter the Great forced nobles to cut their beards or pay a beard tax of 100 rubles annually. Peter the Great modeled his capitol and military after other Western European powers and began to actively modernize Russia. -
Divine Right
Kings are to be regarded with the same respect and obedience as God. Kings are accountable to God only and no one else. To question a king is like an act of blasphemy against God. People must serve their king in body and spirit just as they serve God -
Glorius Revolution
Nobody liked James I so he was removed; They invited new monarchs to take over. Mary, his daughter, replaced his rule. -
English Bill of Rights 1689
Parliament forced William and mary to sign it before they were crowned; Parliament is superior to the monarch, the monarch must follow rules. The bill specific civil rights. -
Frederick the Great
He believes that the ruler should be the first servant of the state and that everywhere needed a strong government, with power to modernize and support their people. He agrees on strong, conducted governments. -
Age of Enlightenment
This was intellectual and many philosophers began studying. It was one of the first steps to the world we have now with our new technologies. -
French Revolution
The main purpose was to completely change the relationship between the rulers and those they governed and to redefine the nature of political power. It was a major social event in France. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
This is a fundamental document of the French Revolution that granted civil rights to some commoners. It was passed by France's National Constituent Assembly. -
Louis XVI summons the Estates General
This was the first meeting with an estates-general since 1614. He called this meeting due to financial problems in the French government. -
Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette was beheaded after the revolutionary tribunal found crimes against her. She taxed too much and spend money on useless things. -
Robespierre Speech
Robespierre spoke about virtue and political morality. This equated democracy when he explained the relationship between virtue and terror. -
Reign of Terror
This was a timeline of massacres and fear being spread. This started during the french revolution and when a fall happened under Robespierre -
The Egyptian Expedition
This was a campaign that Napoleon Bonaparte in the Ottoman territories. They proclaimed to defend the frenches trade intrests. -
The Coup D'Etat of 18
This overthrew the system of government under the directory in France. This made way for Napoleon to become the consulate. -
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, crops, ideas, food, and more. These were all spread by Christopher Columbus' voyages. -
Concordat
An agreement reached Napoleon and representatives in Paris and Rome. It defined the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France and ended the breach caused by the church reforms. -
Imperalism
Imperialism means creating an empire, expanding into the neighboring regions, and expanding its dominance far. One country that gained this was China.
