AP Euro project

By elvisphan
  • 145

    hitler commits suicide

  • Apr 27, 1076

    fidel castro as cuban leader

  • Jan 9, 1324

    Defensor Pacis,Marsiglio

    Was one of the most controversial works written during this time published by Marsiglio of Pauda and was ended up excommunicated.
  • Sep 20, 1346

    The Battle of Crecy

    Major battle in THe Hundred Year War where the English completly dominated the French by the use of longbows and cannons
  • Sep 20, 1347

    The Black Death

    The Black Death was an epidemic which spread across almost all of Europe, the plague killed over a third of the entire population.
  • Sep 20, 1358

    Jacquerine peasant uprising in France

    French taxations for the Hundred Years War fell hearvily on the poor and the built up frustations of the French peasants caused a massive uprising
  • Sep 20, 1381

    Peasants' Revolt in England

    Period in which the social and economic conditions caused a mass increase in peasant uprisings.
  • Sep 20, 1429

    French Victory in Orleans;Charles VII crowned king

    Joan of Arc was vital to this victory because of her strong belief in her mission and she was wounded during this time which greatly enhance the morale of the troops
  • Sep 20, 1431

    Joan Of Arc burned at the steak and declared a heretic

    Joan Of Arc was captured by British allies and was charged sorcery and politicall reasons.
  • Sep 20, 1452

    Leonardo Da Vinci

    The man who did so many things to change the world we live in today. Hes ideas are still used today and hes mind was in a league of his own.
  • Sep 20, 1454

    Invention of movable type

    The invention of movable type brought major changes and transformed the public and private life of Europeans. Was use for by governments for many purposes including propaganda,declaration of war,communication,treaties.
  • Sep 20, 1469

    Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferndinand of Aragon

    he marriage dint bring administrative unity rather it brougt a union of the two houses but political differences between the two house still stand.
  • Sep 20, 1475

    Michelanglo

    One of the prominant figures of the High Renaissance known for his scultures and work of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
  • Sep 20, 1483

    Martin Luther

    The man who sparked the reformation itself by a simple act of defiance and his beliefs agaisnt the corruption of selling indulgences
  • Sep 20, 1494

    Invasion of Italy by Charles VII of France

    Italy became a the focus of international ambitions and battleground of foreign invaders. Frances army took the major city states with ease.
  • Sep 20, 1500

    Northern Renaissance

    The Northern Renaissance was open to many types of religion,cultures,traditions and ideas and spawned a couple of important humanists such as Thomas More and Eramus. Like any other place in Europe at this time the North was home to many great artists.
  • Sep 20, 1503

    The Mona Lisa

    Leonardo de Vinci painted the Mona Lisa
  • Sep 20, 1506

    Pope Julios II begins on the work of Saint Peters Basilica

    Tored down the old Saint Peters Basilica to work on the current structure and became one of the architectural masterpeices of the High Renaissance
  • Sep 20, 1509

    English Reformation

    Mostly focused on King Henry VII and how he reformed England. Started when King Henry wanted a divorced but Pope Clement dint grant him permission therefore he used the parliament to reform England and grant him power of head of the church which allowed him to remarry.
  • Sep 20, 1512

    Niccolo Machiavelli

    Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a book on how he thought you needed to be a good leader, most of them talked about being cunning and sneaky.
  • Sep 20, 1513

    The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli

    Book published by Niccolo Machiavelli in which the topic of was political power:how the ruler should gain,maintain,and increase it.
  • Sep 20, 1516

    More, Utopia

    Written by Thomas More and presents a revolutionary view of society
  • Sep 20, 1517

    Martin Luther writes 95 Theses

    A list a of reasons and statements agaisnt the selling of indulgences and his beliefs which he hammered into the Church doors.
  • Sep 20, 1525

    Anabaptists

    Group that believed that only adults can make a free choice about religious faith,baptism and entry into the Christian community and was led by Zwingli
  • Sep 20, 1528

    Castiglione , The Courtier

    This book focused on educational and ideals of a proper man. Castiglione states that an educated man of the upper class had to be physically,spiritually and intellectually fit with a broad background of many educational subjects
  • Sep 20, 1528

    The most significant form of Protestantism led by John Calvin and the conerstone of Calvinism is the belief in absolute supremecy,the power of God and the weakness of humanity

    This book focused on educational and ideals of a proper man. Castiglione states that an educated man of the upper class had to be physically,spiritually and intellectually fit with a broad background of many educational subjects.
  • Sep 20, 1533

    Henry the 8th

    Henry the 8th made a new version of christianity that was similar to catholicism, except they could divorce. He then diorced his wife to marry another and made himself the leader of the church of England.
  • Sep 20, 1541

    Calvinism

    The most significant form of Protestantism led by John Calvin and the conerstone of Calvinism is the belief in absolute supremecy,the power of God and the weakness of humanity.
  • Sep 20, 1559

    Queen Elizabeth the first

    Queen Elizabeth was the first female to rule England without a king and proved to the world that women are just as strong and smart as men.

  • Samuel de Chemplain

    Samuel traveled to North America which is now Canada, unfortunately he killed everyone that lived there. Soon after his second visit he built a castle in what is now Quebec.

  • steam engine

    Newcomen Engine (about 1712) filled a cylinder with steam and then condensed it to draw the piston down. 1/2% efficient, but widely used to pump water out of coal mines.
    Watt Engine (1774) had had a separate condenser, making the engine much more efficient
    James Watt later added:
    sun and planet gear converted reciprocating into rotary motion to power machines
    automatic control mechanism
    double-acting engine made for much smoother power

  • Iron

    by 1720 most iron in England was imported due to a shortage of charcoal for smelting
    in 1709 Abraham Darby invented a way of smelting iron using coke (processed coal) instead of charcoal
    the iron industry took off after 1760 since iron ore and coal were both very plentiful in England
    1779 Iron Bridge ( photo )

  • facotry system

    the first big industry was cotton textile factories, though other kinds of factories developed as well
    machines had been used some by workers who did piece work at home with spinning wheels and hand looms. What brought the workers together into a factory was the invention of machines for spinning that could spin more than one thread at a time and then the application of water power first to spinning and then to weaving
    James Hargreaves, Spinning Jenny , invented 1764-1770

  • transportation and technology

    improved roads built in large numbers 1750-1815 (about 1000 miles), reduced transportation costs 20-30%
    Canals
    The Duke of Bridgewater's Canal started in 1759--7 miles but had to cross a river valley. People thought this was a wild dream, but built in 5 years. Very profitable--halved the cost of coal in Manchester
    canal building boom 1750-1800--by 1830 England had 3875 miles of navigable water (though only 1/3 of that was canals). The Oxford canal paid a 30% return for 30 years.
    provided much

  • March on Versailles

    Many people in Paris and the rest of France were hungry, unemployed and restless. In October, a large crowd of protesters, mostly women, marched from Paris to the Palace of Versailles, convinced that the royal family and nobility there lived in luxury, oblivious to the hardships of the French people. They broke into the quarters of Queen Marie Antoinette who as an Austrian was particularly despised. The crowd demanded bread and wanted to bring the King and his family back to Paris to “live among

  • Meeting of the Estate Generals

    The Estates General were reluctantly summoned by King Louis XVI in May of 1789 with an aim to solve the monarchy’s financial crisis. There were three classes represented by the Estates General: the nobles, clergy and the rest of the population or the so-called Third Estate. Each estate had only one vote. As a result, the nobility and clergy could always overrule the Third Estate. Fearing they would be forced to bear the burden of the financial crisis

  • Fall of the Bastille

    On July 14, 1789, an angry crowd marched on the Bastille, a medieval fortress in east Paris that was mostly housing political prisoners. To many people in France, it was considered as a symbol of the much hated Louis’ regime. Angry, unemployed and hungry Parisians saw it as a place to vent their frustrations. The commander of the Bastille, Marquis de Launay and his troops resisted for a few hours before they surrendered to the mob. After learning about the fall of the Bastille, King Louis XVI wi

  • Flight to Varennes

    The National Assembly continued working on a new constitution for France. After much debate, members of the Assembly decided to impose limits to the King’s authority. The King would have veto power but the National Assembly could overrule his veto. These restrictions appalled Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. They also felt like prisoners in their Tuileries Palace in Paris. They decided to leave France and seek refuge in Austria, hoping to eventually be reinstated on the throne as absolute monarch

  • Attack on the Tuileries Palace

    In spring and summer of 1792, the French government found itself in a very difficult situation. The Austrian army and its Prussian allies started advancing into the French territory. Economic stagnation continued throughout the country. The King was widely viewed as a traitor for trying to flee the country. The Legislative Assembly was divided and Paris was getting increasingly radicalized. On August 10, a crowd of about 20,000 people attacked the Tuileries Palace. The King and Queen had escaped

  • dissolution of national assembly

    The long awaited constitution finally came into effect on September 30, 1791. France was proclaimed a constitutional monarchy, while the National Assembly was dissolved and replaced by a new political body named the Legislative Assembly. No member of the National Assembly was elected to the new legislative body as it was agreed earlier that the members of the National Assembly would not be allowed to hold a seat in the new parliament. The result was the loss of everyone with valuable political e

  • Declaration of the Republic and the Trial of Louis

    Following the arrests of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the Legislative Assembly disbanded and replaced itself with a new political body named the National Convention. The first act of the latter was to declare France as a republic on September 21, 1792. Meanwhile, the French military had halted the foreign invasion and pushed back the Austrians and Prussians. Louis was charged with treason. The vote at the end of the trial was unanimous: Louis was guilty. The vote on the death penalty was much

  • reign of terror

    The new National Convention was dominated by the Committee of Public Safety. One man in particular, Maximilien Robespierre came to dominate the Committee and established himself as the leader of the so-called Reign of Terror. Robespierre wanted to rid France of all enemies of the Revolution and to protect the “virtue” of the nation. From September 1793 to July 1794, an estimated 16,000 people were guillotined. Many radicals were executed along with moderates. Most leaders of the French Revolutio

  • Directory and the Rise of Napoleon

    After the dramatic fall of Robespierre, the National Convention created a new constitution for France that was implemented in 1795. Leading the new government was the Directory consisting of an executive council of five members. Almost from the start, the Directory became mired in corruption, political conflict, financial problems and depended on the army to remain in power. In 1799, a successful military commander named Napoleon Bonaparte returned from a military expedition in Egypt and ousted

  • Consulate

    French government from 1799 to 1804, set up by Napoleon and Sieyes after their overthrow of the Directory. Napoleon was First Consul. Set up as an oligarchy, Napoleon ended up becoming the sole dictator of the regime. In 1804, he replaced the consulate with the Empire.

  • Napoleonic code

    The system of laws, especially the civil code, which Napoleon announced in 1804. This code remains a basis of European continental law to this day, but differs somewhat from the Anglo-American "Common Law" tradition at the root of the U.S. legal system. (The Napoleonic Code did have some influence, however, in forming the legal system of the state of Louisiana, however, which was settled by the French.

  • Third Coalition

    1805 Coalition of the anti-Napoleonic powers. When Alexander I signed the Treaty of Tilsit and sided with Napoleon, this coalition came to a halt.

  • Confederation of the Rhine

    Early in 1806, Napoleon dissolved the old Holy Roman Empire to which the German states had belonged, and created in its place the Confederation of the Rhine, the name for Napoleon-dominated Germany.

  • Continental system

    The Continental System refers to Napoleon's attempt, beginning in 1806 with the Berlin Decree, to strangle Britain's economy by closing off all European ports. This would prevent the British from exporting their manufactured goods to Europe. The Continental System was largely a failure. It created discontent throughout Europe, and, as Napoleon tried to enforce it in Spain, he touched off the Peninsular War.

  • Elba

    An island off the west coast of Italy. Napoleon was exiled to Elba from 1814 until his escape in 1815.

  • Saint Helena

    A British colony in the South Atlantic. Napoleon was exiled there from 1815 to his death in 1821.

  • Grand Duchy of Warsaw

    Name Napoleon gave to the Polish state he created in 1807, and which lasted until 1815. Though technically independent, it was in reality under Napoleon's control. Czar Alexander I of Russia was seriously upset by the recreation of the Polish state, since he wanted the territory badly.

  • railroad

    locomotives tried in coal mines first, but were generally too heavy for existing tracks used by horse-drawn cars
    1825 Stockton and Darlington Railroad was first common carrier to use locomotives
    in 1829 the Liverpool and Manchester had a contest to test locomotives. Thousands of people came to watch. Won by the Rocket designed by Robert Stephenson.

  • Congress of Vienna

    The allies' meeting on how to keep peace in the region and keep France in check.

  • opium wars

    with Britain, First Opium War (1839-1841) Britain occupied several coastal cities and forced China to surrender; Second Opium War (1856-1860) China forced to open six more ports to British and French trade indefinitely, China forced to accept trade and investment on unfavorable terms for the foreseeable future

  • algeria

    he French had controlled Algeria in North Africa; the attack on French shipping by Barbary pirates was used as a pretext for conquest; Algeria remained under French control until the early 1960s

  • Holy Alliance

    An alliance with Austria, Prussia and Russia that became a symbol of repression of liberal and revolutionary movements around Europe.

  • Carlsbad Decree

    Established a committee of spies and others to search for and punish liberal or radical organizations; required German member states to take out subversive ideas in universities and newspapers.

  • liberalism

    the belief of liberty and equality.

  • Nationalism

    having pride in your country.

  • socialism

    A belief in economic planning, no capitalism, the government is in charge of organizing the economy; a belief in closing the gap of the rich and poor economically.

  • Parasities

    the court, the aristocracy, lawyers and churchmen.

  • Romanticism

    a belief in being spontaneous, emotional and having unlimited imagination. Early believers called themselves "Sturm und Drang" ("Storm and Stress").

  • Corn Laws

    Revisied in 1815 to prohibit importation of foreign grain with the exception being if the price of grain rose in the hometown to a high price.

  • treaty on nanking

    gave Hong Kong to Britain (until 1997), four "treaty ports" were opened to British trade including Canton and Shanghai, British residents in China (and European visitors) were granted extraterritoriality and were thus immune from Chinese law

  • Banthamite

    a follower of radical philosopher Jeremy Bentham

  • Miasmatic theory

    The belief that people contract diseases when they breathe the bad odors of decay and putrefying excrement.

  • Germ theory

    the discovery that certain diseases were caused by specific living organisms and that those organisms could be controlled in people as well as in beer, wine and milk.

  • Pasteurization

    the application of heat to destroy human pathogens in foods.

  • Antiseptic Principle

    the idea that a chemical disinfectant applied to a wound dressing would "destroy the life of the floating particles."

  • labor arsitocracy

    highly skilled workers who made up about 15% of the working class.

  • DEfense mechanisms

    unconcious emotional needs whose nature and origins are kept from conscious awareness by various mental devices called

  • Thermo Dynamics

    branch of physics developed by Newton that investigated the relationships between heat and mechanical energy.

  • Organic Chemistry

    the study of compounds of carbon.```

  • Crimean war

    The Russians protect Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire, while the French protects Roman Catholics. The Ottoman sultan gives special Catholic places to the French, which angers the Russians. The Russians move into Ottoman provinces, which prompts the OE to declare war on them. France and Britain (who had interests in the area) fight against Russia in a completely disastrous war.

  • Treaty of Paris

    Russia surrenders the area near the Danube river, the Black sea becomes neutral, and Russia renounces its protection of Orthodox Christians in the OE. The Concert of Europe is shattered.

  • Carbonari

    Secret Italian republican society

  • Mazzini

    Romantic Italian nationalist involved in the Roman Republic of 1849

  • Cavour

    An Italian statesman who fought for the unification of Italy by the use of arms. He rejected the republican, romantic ideas of Mazzini/Garibaldi and was a monarchist. He unites northern Italy.

  • Italian Unification

    Cavour convinces Napoleon III to help liberate Italy, which would be a deafet for Austria

  • Italian war with Russia

    Together France and Piedmont defeat Austria, but Napoleon quickly signs a peace treaty with Austria. Piedmont receives Lombardy and nationalist uprisings break out in other Italian provinces, but Austria retains Venetia.

  • Geralbaldi

    Romantic nationalist Italian republican who unites Southern Italy

  • the new Italian Sate

    Cavour died shortly after Italy's unification, which left it scrambling for leadership. The south and the north were largely incompatible and the government quickly became corrupt. The French continued to guard Rome and the Pope.

  • Tuileries

    The Palais des Tuileries was a French palace next to the Louvre, which French Royalty and Napoleon often inhabited. The palace burned down in 1871.

  • belgian congo

    colony of Belgium; trading stations established in 1879, and Leopold II was given control of the Congo; the Belgian rulers savagely treated the indigenous peoples in their quest for rubber and ivory; Leopold's incursion into Congo basin raised the question of the political fate of black Africa (south of the Sahara); as did Britain's conquest of Egypt

  • new imperialism

    Began in 1880s in Africa, earlier in Asia; in 1800 Europeans controlled about 7% of the world's territory--by 1914 they controlled 84%; Britain's control of Egypt in the 1880s became the model for the "New Imperialism;" Major causes include: search for new markets and raw materials, missionary work, and new military and naval bases to protect one's interests against other European powers

  • scramble for africa

    in 1880, Europeans controlled 10% of Africa; by 1914, controlled all except Liberia & Ethiopia; the Berlin Conference established the rules among European powers for carving up Africa

  • berlin conference

    established the "rules" for conquest of Africa; provisions: no imperial power could claim a territory in Africa unless it effectively controlled that territory; slavery and the slave trade in Africa was terminated; sought to prevent international conflicts between European nations over the issue of imperialism; as a result, the "scramble for Africa" was on

  • Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty

    After the Serbo-Bulgarian War Bismarck wanted to continue to ally with Russia. His attempt to ally was the Reinsurance Treaty. It stated that Germany and Russia agreed to be neutral if either would be involved in a war with a third country and the Neutrality would not apply if Germany attacked France or if Russia attacked Austria-Hungary. The other point was that Germany declared herself neutral in the event of a Russian intervention in the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.

  • bismarcks resignation

    Bismarck resigned in 1890 because Wilhelm II insisted that he do so. He was promoted to Field Marshal and given the title Duke of Lauenburg. A popular cartoon, shown here, was called “dropping the pilot” showing Bismarck leaving a ship with Wilhelm II watching him.

  • battle of omdurman

    General Horatio H. Kitchener defeated Sudanese tribesman and killed 11,000 (with machine guns) while only 28 Britons died

  • dreyfus affair

  • fashoda incident

    France & Britain nearly went to war over Sudan; France backed down (partly because it was in the midst of the Dreyfus Affair)

  • theophile declasse

    Theophile Delcasse was a French statesman who was one of the main creators of the Anglo-French Entente Cordiale of 1904. He was forced to resign in 1905 in the wake of the Moroccan Crisis. He later returned as Navy Minister in 1911 and worked to secure an agreement with Britain to defend the French Atlantic coast in the event of war. He resigned for good on 12 October 1915, ending his government career.

  • bloody sunday

  • october manifesto

  • revolution in russia

  • poeples budget

  • algeciras conference

    The Algeciras Conference was held in Algeciras, Spain to settle a dispute over Morocco with France And Germany. Germany was attempting to prevent France from establishing a protectorate over Morocco because they believed German interests were violated when they were ignored in the Anglo-French Entente of 1904. It resulted in the Act of Algeciras which opened Moroccan trade to all nations. It also gave France and Spain control of the Moroccan police force.

  • englo russiant entent

    The Anglo-Russian Entente solidified the boundaries that identified Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet. The agreement crushed any chance of Persian autonomy but the powers wanted Persia to stay stable and controlled the way is was. The agreement also prevented a sole control over various parts of central Asia.

  • triple entene

  • anglo russian agreement

    The Anglo-Russian Agreement was an agreement where Britain and Russia decided to settle their colonial disputes in Afghanistan, Tibet and Persia. It stated that neither country would interfere in Tibet’s internal affairs, weakened influence in Persia, and recognized Britain’s influence in Afghanistan. It later led to the formation of the Triple Entente.

  • bosnian crisis

  • 2nd morrocan war crisis

  • italy gains lybia

  • balkan wars

    The First Balkan War was in 1912 Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria attacked the Ottoman Empire. Later they fought with Bulgaria over the spoils of war. This kicked off the Second Balkan War in 1913. This forced Serbia to give up Albania. This was successful in destroying the Ottoman Empire.

  • balkan wae

  • the balkans and balkan nationalism

    Balkan nationalism was a main cause of war. Balkan nationalism was rising and it caused some tension. Serbia started in 1903 by becoming openly hostile toward Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. When Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia was enraged but could not do anything about it because they did not have Russian support. In 1912 the First Balkan War broke out and Serbia , Greece, and Bulgaria attacked the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. This led to the Second Balkan War in 191

  • 2nd balkan war

  • archduke assasinated

  • sinking of the lusitania

    The Lusitania sank in 1915. It was hit by a torpedo that was shot by a U-20 Submarine. Of the 1,959 people that were aboard the ship when it departed 761 survived. The last survivor was Audrey Lawson-Johnston. She was only three months old when the ship went down and she passed away on January 11, 2011.

  • submeraine warfare

  • peace of paris

  • zimmerman

  • womens sufferage

  • treaty of versailles

  • earnest rutherford

  • first major radio

  • soviet unions rise

  • kellogg briand pact

  • industrialized russia

  • nerumberg laws

  • radar system in england

  • pearl harbor bombing

  • D Day

  • us drops atomic bomb on japan

  • yalta conference

  • potsdam conference

  • FDRs death

  • united nations was formed

  • marshall plan

  • brussels pact

  • berlin airlift

  • start of chinese communism

  • european steel and coal community

  • stalins death

  • suez crisis

  • treaty of rome

  • first russian sattelite in orbit

  • paris summit

  • russian cosmonuat

  • ressian serfs

  • berlin wall goes up

  • JFK was elected

  • beginning of cold war

  • JFK assassination

  • student rebellion in france

  • first man on the moon

  • collapse of post war

  • soviets enter afghan

  • INF treaty

    reduced the amount of armed war heads

  • econmic crisis in poland

  • berlin wall destoyed

  • soviet unions ends

  • 9/11

    terrorist attack on US

  • afghan war

    President Bush declares Afghans orginization Al-Queada responsible for the attacks of 9/11 and declares war