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Nov 8, 1450
High Renaissance
"Rebirth" of the Classical world. The Renaissance started in Italy and spread to the North. -
Period: Nov 8, 1450 to
Period 1
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Nov 12, 1453
The End of the Hundred Years' War
The long battle between the successor of the successor for the French crown between the Enlgish and French finally ended after 116 years. -
Nov 8, 1454
The Printing Press
Johannes Guttenberg experimented with movable type and created a printing press that would bring literacy to laymen and spread Protestant ideas in the years to come. -
Nov 8, 1456
Guttenberg Bible
180 copies of the Guttenberg bible was created for lay people in the vernacular language. -
Nov 12, 1486
Giovanni Pico della Marindola
Marindola's oration is named the "Manifesto of the Renaissance." It He focused on the relationship between the human and the divine. -
Nov 9, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Columbus "discovers" the New World. This changes history forever. He thoguht he landed in the Indies so he named the Native people Indians. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Signed between Spain and Portugal to divide the New World. -
Nov 8, 1494
Nothern Renaissance
The Renaissance spread to the North making its center in Flanders. The 100 Years War ends during this time and France invades Italy. Also, more money lands in the hands of merchants. NR art tends to be more focused on reforming the church and laymen lives. -
Nov 8, 1498
The Last Supper
"The Last Supper" was created by Leonardo Da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance. Da Vinci was a true Renassaince man who contributed great works of art and science during his time. "The Last Supper" is a depiction of Jesus and his 12 disciples during their last meal together. It is one of the most famous pantings ever, -
Nov 9, 1500
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans start taking black people from Africa and enslaving them to work in the New World. It was very brutal for the Africans. -
Nov 8, 1502
Henry VIII
Henry became king of England after his brother died. He had many wives and because of this, created his own church and declared himself the leader so that he could get divorced. -
Nov 12, 1509
Raphael
Raphael painted and finished the School of Athens in 1509.This frescoe blends together all Renaissance qualities like clasical and realism themese. It can be found on the Vatican wall. -
Nov 8, 1511
Desiderus Erasmus
Writes The Praise of Folly. He was the most influencial Christian Humanist. He said that religion should be a guiding philosphy not dogmatic beliefs. "Erasamus laid the egg that Luther hatched." -
Nov 8, 1516
Sir Thomas More
Thomas Mrore was a deeply religious man. He was the Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England. He wrote Utopia in 1516 where an ideal place with no greed, corruption, and war existed. He said this would be impossible because people aren't perfect. -
Oct 31, 1517
95 Theses
Martin Luther, a devoutly religious man, focused on salvation in religion and condemned the sale of indulgences. He posted the 95 Theses which was a statement about why the sake of indulgences was wrong. -
Nov 8, 1517
The Reformation
A religious revolution during the 1500's that destroys religious unity of Western Christendom. It was caused by the corruption of the Church like: nepotism, simony, moral decline of the papacy, and more. -
Nov 9, 1517
Incas
Pizarro destroys and conquers the Incas. -
Nov 9, 1519
Conquering the New World
Cortes conquers Montezuma and his people in the Aztec Empire. -
Nov 8, 1521
Diet of worms
Martin Luther is put on trila and told to recant or else he would be excommunicated. He would not do so, so during the Edict of Worms he was excommunicated. German princes took him in to hiding. -
Nov 12, 1528
Baldisarre Castiglione
He wrote The Courtier in 1508 but never had it published until 1528. This book taught people how to be respectable gentleman (and ladies). This was known as a Renaissance man. -
Nov 12, 1532
Niccolo Machiavelli
Machiavelli published The Prince originally in 1513, but the most famous version was published in 1532. This political treatise is about how a ruler/prince should rule his kindom with ruthlessness and by whatever means necessary. -
Nov 8, 1534
Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII declared that he was the head of the English Church. -
Nov 10, 1543
On The Revolution of The Heavenly Spheres
Written by Nicolaus Copernicus, this work describes how the sun is at the center of the universe, not the earth. This is known as the heliocentric theory. -
Nov 12, 1543
Andreas Vesalius
Vesalius published had his book On the Structure of the Human Body published in 1543. It showcased over 200 drawings of anatomically correct human bodies. -
Nov 8, 1547
Edward VI
The only son to Henry VIII. He becomes king and moves England towards Protestantism by adopting Calvinism. He died in 1553. -
Nov 8, 1553
Mary I
Becomes king after her brother dies. She is known as Bloody Mary. She tried to reimpose Catholocism and got rid o Reformation legislation. She executed 300 Protestants. -
Nov 8, 1556
Phillip II
The son of Charles V. He controls Spain, Netherlands, parts of Italy, and the New world. He starts that Catholic Crusade and introduces the inquisition and reconquista to ensure that only Catholics are a part of the kingdom. He dies in 1598. -
Nov 8, 1558
Elizabeth
She is known as the Virgin Queen. She creates a modern Protestant religion and continues the Anglican Church. -
Nov 8, 1562
French Wars of Religion
Frenh kings tried to stop the spread of Calvinism. The wars don't end until 1598. -
Nov 8, 1562
Guise family
The Guise family who were ultra Catholics massacred people at a peaceful Huguenot protest. -
Nov 8, 1566
The Netherlands
They want to be their own kingdom. They were tired of Phillip II taxing them. They go against him in the 100 Years War and win. -
Aug 24, 1572
Batholomew Day Massacre
Charles XI under the order of his mother Catherine de Medici orders the slaughter os thousands of Calvinists at a marriage celebration for the Valois and Navarre families. -
War With Spain
England encouraged the Netheralands' revolts and aided them. The Spanish Armada headed towards England where they were embarrased and destroyed. -
Edict of Nantes
Henry Navarre becomes king and converts to Catholocism to unte France and create peace. He is known as a politique. He signs the Edict of Nantes which makes Catholocism the oficial religion of France. Huguenots are allowed to worship in certain areas and are protected. They can also hold office. -
Galileo Galilei
He demonstrated the properties of of gravity on top of the leaning tower of Pisa. -
The New Astronomy
Kepler published his first two laws about planetary motion. The first: the orbits of planets around the sun are elliptical not circular. The second: planets don't move ina unform speed. -
Banned Books
The Holy Office made a list of books that went against the church that people could not read. Copernicus and his supporters were on this list. -
Defenstration of Prague
Protestant officials met up with Catholic ones. The Protestant officials threw two Catholic bishops out the window hoping they would die. They didn't and this was the single thing that sparked the Thirty Years' War, -
The Bohemian Phase
The Protestants, made up of Czech soldiers, headed by Frederick V, took on the H.R.E. Ferdiand II. The Catholics destoryed the Protestant forces at the Battle of White Mountain. Wallenstein joined up with the Emperor and destoryed German cities. Spain attacked Frederick's land along the Rhine and took it. -
The Danish Phase
Christian IV of Denmark entered into the war by helping the Protestants. Wallentstein still defeated them. The Emperor issued the Edict of Restitution in 1629, dismantling the Peace of Augsburg. By 1630, the Emperor told Wallenstein to cool it. -
The Swedish Phase
Gustuvus Afolphus entered 100,000 Swedish men into the fight. He wanted to help the Protestants. France got involved when Cardinal Richeleiu sent forces to help the Protestants in hoping of weakening the Habsburgs. By 1634, the Swedes were going to lose since they lost Adolphus. -
The French Phase
Wallenstein turned on the Emperor to create his own empire. Ferdinand II had Wallenstein's troops murder him. France officially joined forces with the Protestants. -
The Peace of Westphalia
This is the Treaty that will end the Thirty Years' War and extend the Peace of Augsburg. It gave German princes more control over their kingdoms.
