-
Apollo 11 Stones
Namibia
c. 25,500 - 25,300 B.C.E.
Charcoal on stone -
Great Hall of the Bulls Cave paintings
Lascaux, France. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E. Rock painting -
Camelid sacrum
Tequixquiac, Mexico, 14,000–7000 B.C.E., Bone
Subtractive sculpture -
Running Horned Woman
Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria
6000 - 4000 B.C.E
Pigment on rock
Hierarchy of scale -
Beaker with ibex motif
Susa, Iran
4200--3500 B.C.E.
Painted terra-cotta -
Anthropomorphic stele
Arabian Peninsula
4th millennium B.C.E
Sandstone
Stele - Upright stone
Low relief structure -
White Temple and its ziggurat
Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq)
Sumerian
c.3500-3000 B.C.E.
Mud brick -
Jade Cong
Liangzhu, China, 3300-2200 B.C.E., Carved jade -
Palette of Narmer
Predynastic Egypt
c.3000-2920 B.C.E.
Greywacke -
Statues of votive figures
From the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)
Sumerian
c.2700 B.C.E.
Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone -
Seated scribe
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2620-2500 B.C.E.
Painted limestone -
Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur
Modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq
Sumerian
c.2600-2400 B.C.E.
Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone -
Great Pyramids and the Great Sphinx
Giza, Egypt
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2550-2490 B.C.E.
Cut limestone -
Stonehenge
Wiltshire, UK
Neolithic Europe
c.2500-1600 B.C.E
Sandstone -
King Menkaura and queen
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2490-2472 B.C.E.
Greywacke -
The Code of Hammurabi
Babylon (Modern Iran)
Susian
c.1792-1750 B.C.E.
Basalt -
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall
New Kingdom, 18th & 19th Dynasties
Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt
Temple: c.1550 B.C.E.
Hall: c.1250 B.C.E.
Cut sandstone and mud brick -
Ambum Stone
Enga Province, Papua New Guinea
1500 B.C.E
Greywacke -
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut
And kneeling sculpture
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
Near Luxor, Egypt
c.1473-1458 B.C.E.
Sandstone, partially covered into a rock cliff, and red granite -
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut
And kneeling sculpture
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
Near Luxor, Egypt
c.1473-1458 B.C.E.
Sandstone, partially covered into a rock cliff, and red granite -
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters
New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty
c.1353-1335 B.C.E.
Limestone -
Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
c.1323 B.C.E.
Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones -
Last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb
New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
c.1275 B.C.E.
Painted papyrus scroll -
Tlatilco female figurine
Central Mexico
1200 - 900 B.C.E
Ceramic
Incised Lines -
Terra cotta fragment
Solomon Islands, Reef Islands
1000 B.C.E
Terra cotta -
Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II
Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq)
Neo-Assyrian c.720-705 B.C.E.
Alabaster -
Athenian Agora
Archaic through Hellenistic Greek
600 B.C.E. - 150 C.E.
Plan -
Peplos Kore from the Acropolis
Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble, painted details -
Anavysos Kouros
Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble with remnants of paint -
Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes
Persepolis, Iran
Persian
c.520-465 B.C.E.
Limestone -
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
Etruscan. c.520 B.C.E.
Terracotta -
Temple of Minerva (Veii, near Rome, Italy)
Etruscan. c.510-500 B.C.E.
Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock) -
Sculpture of Apollo, Veii
Master sculptor Vulca
Etruscan. c.510-500 B.C.E.
Terracotta -
Helios, horses, and Dionysus (Heracles?)
East Pediment Sculpture, Parthenon (Phidias?)
5th Century B.C.E.
Marble -
Plaque of the Ergastines
Parthenon (Phidias)
5th Century B.C.E.
Marble -
Tomb of the Triclinium
Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan.
c.480-470 B.C.E. Tufa and fresco -
Niobides Krater
Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter.
c.460-450 B.C.E.
Clay, red figure technique -
Doryphoros (Spear bearer)
Polykleitos
Original 450-440 B.C.E.
Roman copy (marble) of the Greek original (bronze) -
Acropolis
Iktinos and Kallikrates
c.447-410 B.C.E.
Marble -
Parthenon
Iktinos and Kallikrates
c.447-410 B.C.E.
Marble -
Temple of Athena Nike
Kallikrates
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Victory (Nike) adjusting her sandal
Temple of Athena Nike (Acropolis)
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Grave Stele of Hegeso
Attributed to Kallimachos
c.410 B.C.E.
Marble and paint -
Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple
Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman
c. 400 B.C.E - 100 C.E.
Cut rock -
Great Stupa at Sanchi
Madhya Pradesh, India
Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty
c. 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome -
Terra cotta warriors from mausoleum of the first Qin emperor of China
Qin Dynasty.
c. 221-209 B.C.E.
Painted terra cotta -
House of the Vettii
Pompeii, Italy
Imperial Roman
c. 2nd Century B.C.E.
Cut stone and fresco -
Winged Victory of Samothrace
Hellenistic Greek
c.190 B.C.E.
Marble -
Funeral banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)
Han Dynasty, China
c. 180 B.C.E.
Painted silk -
Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek.
c.175 B.C.E.
Marble -
Frieze of Athena from the Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek.
c.175 B.C.E.
Marble -
Alexander mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompeii
Republican Roman c.100 B.C.E.
Mosaic -
Seated Boxer
Hellenistic Greek
C.100 B.C.E.
Bronze -
Augustus of Prima Porta
Imperial Roman
Early 1st Century C.E.
Marble -
Head of a Roman patrician
Republican Roman
c.75-50 B.C.E.
Marble -
Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)
Rome, Italy. Imperial Roman.
70-80 C.E.Stone and concrete. -
Forum of Trajan
Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets.
c.106-112 C.E.
Brick and concrete. -
Column of Trajan
Completed 113 C.E.
Marble -
Pantheon
Imperial Roman. 118-125 C.E.
Concrete with stone facing. -
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
Late Imperial Roman. c.250 C.E.
Marble. -
Buddha
Bamiyan, Afghanistan
Gandharan
c. 400-800 C.E.
(destroyed in 2001)
Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint -
Gold and jade crown
Three Kingdoms Period
Silla Kingdom, Korea
Fifth to sixth century C.E.
Metalwork -
Longmen caves
Luoyang, China. Tang Dynasty.
493-1127 C.E.
Limestone -
The Kaaba
Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. Pre-Islamic monument
Rededicated by Muhammad in 631-632 C.E. Multiple renovations
Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread -
Jowo Rinpoche, enshrined in the Jokhang Temple
Lhasa, Tibet. Yarlung Dynasty.
Believed to have been brought to Tibet in 641 C.E.
Gilt metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint; various offerings -
Dome of the Rock
Jerusalem. Islamic. Umayyad.
691-692 C.E., with multiple renovations
Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome. -
Nan Madol
Pohnpei, Micronesia
Saudeleur Dynasty
c. 700-1600 C.E.
Basalt boulders and prismatic columns -
Todai-ji
Nara, Japan
743 C.E.; rebuilt c. 1700
Wood with ceramic-tile roofing -
Great Buddha (Daibutsu) from Todai-ji
Bronze -
Borobudur Temple
Central Java, Indonesia
Sailendra Dynasty
c. 750-842 C.E.
Volcanic-stone masonry -
Great Mosque
Córdoba, Spain. Umayyad
c. 785-786 C.E.
Stone masonry -
Churning of the Ocean of Milk
Angkor Wat
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E.
Sandstone -
Jayavarman VII as Buddha
Angkor Thom
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone -
Folio from a Qur’an
Arab, North Africa or Near East
Abbasid. c. eighth to ninth century C.E.
Ink, color, and gold on parchment -
Lakshmana Temple
Khajuraho, India. Hindu, Chandella Dynasty
c. 930-950 C.E. Sandstone -
Conical tower and circular wall of Great Zimbabwe
Southeastern Zimbabwe
Shona peoples
c. 1000-1400 C.E.
Coursed granite blocks -
Travelers among Mountains and Streams
Fan Kuan
c. 1000 C.E.
Ink and colors on silk -
Power figure (Nkisi n’kondi)
Kongo peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. late 19th century C.E.
1066 - 1067 CE
Wood and metal -
Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja)
Hindu
India (Tamil Nadu)
Chola Dynasty
c. 11th century C.E.
Cast bronze -
Moai on platform (ahu)
Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
c. 1100-1600 C.E.
Volcanic tuff figures on basalt base -
Great Mosque of Djenné
Mali
Founded c. 1200 C.E.; rebuilt 1906-1907
Adobe -
Nio guardian statues
from Todai-ji
Various artists including sculptors Unkei and Keikei, as well as the Kei School
c. 1200 C.E.
Wood -
Night Attack on the Sanjô Palace
Kamakura Period, Japan
c. 1250-1300 C.E.
Handscroll (ink and color on paper) -
Basin (Baptistère de St. Louis)
Muhammad ibn al-Zain
c. 1320-1340 C.E.
Brass inlaid with gold and silver -
Bahram Gur Fights the Karg, folio from the Great Il-Khanid Shahnama
Islamic
Persian, Il-Khanid
c. 1330-1340 C.E.
Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper -
The David Vases
Yuan Dynasty, China
1351 C.E.
White porcelain with cobalt-blue underglaze -
Alhambra
Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty
1354-1391 C.E.
Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding -
Forbidden City
Beijing, China. Ming Dynasty.
15th century C.E. and later
Stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, and ceramic tile -
Portrait of Sin Sukju (1417-1475)
Imperial Bureau of Painting
c. 15th century C.E.
Hanging scroll (ink and color on silk) -
Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)
Workshop of Robert Campin
1427-1432 C.E. Oil on wood -
Tribute Money from the Brancacci Chapel
Masaccio.
Florence, Italy.
1427 C.E. Fresco -
Holy Trinity
Masaccio
c. 1427 C.E.
Fresco -
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck
c. 1434 C.E.
Oil on wood -
Palazzo Rucellai
Florence, Italy
Leon Battista Alberti (architect)
c. 1450 C.E.
Stone, masonry -
“Gates of Paradise”
East doors for the Baptistery
Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence Cathedral)
Lorenzo Ghiberti
1425-1452 C.E.
Bronze -
David
Donatello
c. 1440-1460 C.E.
Bronze -
Pazzi Chapel
Basilica di Santa Croce
Florence, Italy
Filippo Brunelleschi (architect)
c. 1429-1461 C.E.
Masonry -
Madonna and Child with Two Angels
Fra Filippo Lippi
c. 1465 C.E.
Tempera on wood -
Ryoan-ji
Kyoto, Japan
Muromachi Period, Japan
c. 1480 C.E.; current design most likely dates to the 18th century
Rock garden -
Birth of Venus
Sandro Botticelli
c. 1484-1486 C.E. Tempera on canvas -
Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
c. 1494-1498 C.E. Oil and tempera -
Wall plaque, from Oba’s palace
Edo peoples, Benin (Nigeria)
16th century C.E.
Cast brass -
Adam and Eve
Albrecht Dürer
1504 C.E.
Engraving -
Sistine Chapel ceiling
Vatican City, Italy
Michelangelo
Ceiling frescoes: c. 1508-1512 C.E.
Altar frescoes: c. 1536-1541 C.E.
Fresco -
School of Athens
Raphael
c. 1509-1511 C.E. Fresco -
Isenheim altarpiece
Matthias Grünewald
c. 1512-1516 C.E.
Oil on wood -
The Flood (The Deluge)
Sistine Chapel Michelangelo
c. 1508-1512 C.E. Fresco -
The Delphic Sibyl
Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
c. 1508-1512 C.E.
Fresco -
The Court of Gayumars, folio from Shah Tahmasp’s Shahnama
Sultan Muhammad
c. 1522-1525 C.E.
Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper -
Entombment of Christ
Jacopo da Pontormo
1525-1528 C.E.
Oil on wood -
Allegory of Law and Grace
Lucas Cranach the Elder
c. 1530 C.E.
Woodcut and letterpress -
Venus of Urbino
Titian
c. 1538 C.E. Oil on canvas -
The Ardabil Carpet
Maqsud of Kashan
1539-1540 C.E.
Silk and wool -
The Last Judgment
Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel, 1536-1541 C.E.
Fresco -
Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza
Viceroyalty of New Spain
c. 1541-1542 C.E.
Ink and color on paper -
Hunters in the Snow
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1565 C.E. Oil on wood -
Mosque of Selim II
Edirne, Turkey
Sinan (architect)
1568-1575 C.E.
Brick and stone -
Il Gesù, Rome, Italy; Giacomo da Vignola (architect); Giacomo della Porta, facade (architect); Church: 16th Century C.E.; Facade: 1568-1584 C.E.
Brick, marble, stucco -
Il Gesù
Interior -
Calling of Saint Matthew
Caravaggio
c. 1597-1601 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings
Bichitr
c. 1620 C.E.
Watercolor, gold, and ink on paper -
Henry IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle
Peter Paul Rubens
1621-1625 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Taj Mahal
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Masons, marble workers, mosaicists, and decorators working under the supervision of Ustad Ahmad Lahori, architect of the emperor. 1632-1653 C.E.
Stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious and semiprecious stones; gardens -
Self-Portrait with Saskia
Rembrandt van Rijn
1636 C.E.
Etching -
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Rome, Italy
Francesco Borromini (architect)
1638-1646 C.E.
Stone and stucco -
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Rome, Italy
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Stucco -
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Marble -
Cornaro Chapel
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Gilt bronze -
Las Meninas
Diego Velázquez
c. 1656 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Woman Holding a Balance
Johannes Vermeer
c. 1664 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Palace at Versailles
Versailles, France
Louis Le Vau & Jules Hardouin-Mansart (architects)
Begun 1669 C.E.
Masonry, stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf (architecture)
Marble and bronze (sculpture) -
Triumph of the Name of Jesus
Il Gesù
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Ceiling fresco and stucco figures
c. 1676-1679 C.E.
Fresco and stucco -
The Virgin of Guadalupe
(Virgen de Guadalupe)
Miguel González
c. 1698 C.E.
Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City
16th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl -
Sika dwa kofi (Golden Stool)
Ashanti peoples (south central Ghana)
c. 1700 C.E.
Gold over wood and cast-gold attachments -
‘Ahu ‘ula (feather cape)
Hawaiian
Late 18th century C.E.
Feathers and fiber -
Staff god
Rarotonga, Cook Islands, central Polynesia
Late 18th to early 19th century C.E.
Wood, tapa, fiber, and feathers -
Female deity
Nukuoro, Micronesia
c. 18th to 19th century C.E.
Wood -
Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei
Master of Calamarca (La Paz School)
c. 17th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene
Circle of the González Family c. 1697-1701 C.E.
Tempera and resin on wood, shell inlay -
White and Red Plum Blossoms
Ogata Korin
c. 1710-1716 C.E.
Ink, watercolor, and gold leaf on paper -
Fruit and Insects
Rachel Ruysch
1711 C.E. Oil on wood -
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo
Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez c. 1715 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Tête a Tête, from Marriage à la Mode
William Hogarth
c. 1743 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Miguel Cabrera
c. 1750 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Ndop (portrait figure) of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul
Kuba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. 1760-1780 C.E.
Wood -
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery
Joseph Wright of Derby
c. 1763-1765 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Swing
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
1767 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Oath of the Horatii
Jacques-Louis David
1784 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Self-Portrait
Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
1790 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
George Washington
Jean-Antoine Houdon
1788-1792 C.E.
Marble -
Bundu mask
Sande Society, Mende peoples (West African forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia)
19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, cloth, and fiber -
Aka elephant mask
Bamileke (Cameroon, western grassfields region)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, woven raffia, cloth, and beads -
Lukasa (memory board)
Mbudye Society, Luba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, beads, and metal -
Ikenga (shrine figure)
Igbo peoples (Nigeria)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood -
Reliquary figure (byeri)
Fang peoples (southern Cameroon)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood -
Navigation chart
Marshall Islands, Micronesia
19th to early 20th century C.E.
Wood and fiber -
Buk (mask)
Mid to late 19th Century
Torres Strait (islander People)
Maubiag Island
25 in
Turtle shell, wood, fiber, feathers, and shell -
Monticello
Virginia, U.S.
Thomas Jefferson (architect), 1768-1809 C.E.
Brick, glass, stone and wood -
La Grande Odalisque
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1814 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War), plate 15
Francisco de Goya
1810-1823 C.E. (published 1863)
Etching, drypoint, burin, and burnishing -
Under the Wave off Kanagawa (Kanagawa oki nami ura), also known as the Great Wave, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji
Katsushika Hokusai
1830-1833 C.E.
Polychrome woodblock print; ink and color on paper -
Liberty Leading the People
Eugène Delacroix
1830 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Oxbow
(View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm)
Thomas Cole
1836 C.E. Oil on canvas -
Still Life in Studio
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
1837 C.E.
Daguerreotype -
Slave Ship
(Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On)
Joseph Mallord William Turner
1840 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Stone Breakers
Gustave Courbet
1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945)
Oil on canvas -
Hiapo (tapa)
Niue
c. 1850-1900 C.E.
Tapa or bark cloth, freehand painting -
Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art
Honoré Daumier
1862 C.E.
Lithograph -
Olympia
Édouard Manet
1863 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Palace of Westminster (House of Parliament)
London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W.N. Pugin (architects)
1840-1870 C.E.
Limestone masonry and glass -
The Horse in Motion
Eadweard Muybridge
1878 C.E.
Albumen print -
The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel
(El Valle de México desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel)
Jose María Velasco 1882 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Female (Pwo) mask
Chokwe peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Late 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, fiber, pigment, and metal -
Tamati Waka Nene
Gottfried Lindauer
Maori (Nga-ti-toa tribe)
Auckland National Art Gallery
1890 C.E.
Oil on canvas
40.1’’ x 33.1’’ -
The Burghers of Calais
Auguste Rodin
1884-1895 C.E.
Bronze -
Portrait mask (Mblo)
Baule peoples (Côte d’Ivoire)
Early 20th century C.E.
Wood and pigment -
Malagan display and mask
New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
c. 20th century C.E.
Wood, pigment, fiber, and shell -
The Steerage
Alfred Stieglitz
1907 C.E.
Photogravure -
Veranda post of enthroned king and senior wife (Opo Ogoga)
Olowe of Ise (Yoruba peoples)
c. 1910-1914 C.E.
Wood and pigment -
Presentation of Fijian mats and tapa cloths to Queen Elizabeth II
Fiji, Polynesia. 1953 C.E.
Multimedia performance (costume; cosmetics, including scent; chant; movement; and pandanus fiber/hibiscus fiber mats), photographic documentation -
Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan
Artist unknown
Based on an oil painting by Liu Chunhua
c. 1969 C.E.
Color lithograph
