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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek discovered the existence of microorganisms due to the microscope.
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After Leeunwenhoek's discovery. Louis Pasteur confirmed that microorganisms can cause diseases.
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Alexander Felming, a british scientist discovered that penicillium (appeared in his petri dishes) can killed baterias. However, he didn't invented a comercial drug.
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Ernst Chain and Howard Florey created an antibacterial powder, no harm for humans. This was with the objective of saving soldier's lifes in the II WW against Pneumonia and tuberculosis.
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The Nobel Prize recognized Chain and Florey's duty. And with Flemming's support. They received an award and distinction.
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Antibiotics were producted and distributed all around the world. Even thought is not a completely effective.