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Thaumotrope
A optical toy that was popular in the 19th century. A disk with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When pulled on opposite ends of the string it creates the illusion of a moving picture. -
Phenakitstoscope
A spinning cardboard disk that created the illusion of movement when viewed in a mirror. -
Zoetrope
a device for giving an illusion of motion, consisting of a slitted drum that, when whirled, shows a succession of images placed opposite the slits within the drum as one moving image.