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Period: to
The Father of Animation
J. Stuart Blackton was a British animator who made the first animated film in America. -
First Animation
Charles-Émile Reynaud projected Pauvre Pierrot, the first animation, in public. This animation was made by drawings on a transparent strip. -
Invention of Cel Animation
Earl Hund, who is assigned the invention of, patented cel animation. -
Father of Animation
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The 12 Elements of Animation
Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas introduced the twelve principles of animation in their book, "The Illusion of Life: Disney Animations." -
The 12 Elements (1-3)
Squash and Stretch
Squashing and stretching an image to give a sense of weight and sensibility.
Anticipation
To show an element getting ready to move to show the realism.
Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose
The straight ahead action is when animators animate frame by frame from beginning to end.
Pose to pose is when the animators animate a few key frames then filling in the intervals later. -
The 12 Elements (11-12)
Solid Drawing
To take account of the element's three dimensional space.
Appeal
The charisma of the element. -
The 12 Elements (4-10)
Follow Through and Overlapping Action
Follow through is inertia and that everything has an opposite and equal reaction.
Overlapping action is then parts of the element moves at different speeds.
Slow in and Slow out
Time is needed to slow down and accelerate.
Arc
Natural actions need an arched trajectory.
Secondary Action
An action made to support a main action.
Timing
The number of frames given to an action.
Exaggeration
Is a caricature or stretch of real movement to make a more dramatic scene.
