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650 BCE
Etruscans Rule Rome
Etruscans ruled Rome around 650 B.C. They influenced urban growth, built infrastructure and sewers, taught Rome the greek alphabet, and promoted trade and fashion. They were over thrown by the Romans while King Tarquin was ruling. Rome, after getting its freedom, forms a republic. -
Period: 650 BCE to 476
Rome and Its Downfall
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261 BCE
1st Punic War 264-261 B.C.
The first Punic War was fought between the Romans and Etruscans from 264-261 B.C., over control of Sicily. The Romans after suffering many loses wins the war with their powerful Navy. Rome forces Carthage (the looser) to pay 3,200 talents of silver. -
201 BCE
2nd Punic War 218-201B.C.
Fought between Rome and Carthage. Fought because Rome forced Carthage to pay more money than was agreed upon. Carthage's commander Hannibal marched into Rome by crossing the Alps into northern Italy. He defeated several armies of Rome. He then captured the Roman city of Capua. A Roman commander snuck his army by Hannibal and into carthage. Hannibal was forced to go back to Carthage while the romans took back Capua. Rome took control of Spain and defeated Hannibal at Zame, ending the war. -
146 BCE
3rd Punic War 149-146 B.C.
Fought because Rome wanted an excuse to finish Carthage once and for all. Carthage attacked Numidian. Rome took this as their chance and besieged Carthage. After a long siege Rome invaded the city and raided and plundered it for 7 days. Then Rome burned it ending the Punic wars for good. -
71 BCE
Spartacus
Gladiator born on 109 B.C. Led a slave revolt that started in 73 B.C. He defeated several roman armies before he was killed in battle in 71 B.C. by an army of Romans led by Marcus Crassus. He died and 6,000 of his followers were crucified. -
60 BCE
The 1st Triumvirate
The 1st Triumvirate was an alliance between 3 men in the Roman Empire's politics: Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompey. They dominated the politics in of the Empire. These 3 even put their differences aside to stop a Civil War. Caesar eventually passed the others up and became the emperor. They all had different accomplishments and goal they wanted to complete. This made them great. -
43 BCE
The 2nd Triumvirate
On November 26, 43 BC, Caesar Augustus Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus made an alliance in politics. They all wanted to rule Rome. Every 5 years the people would decide if the triumvirate should continue ruling. They served for 2 terms(10 years).
Augustus turned on Antony, Antony and his affair partner, Cleopatra, both killed themselves. -
31 BCE
The Age of Augustus
31 BC - 14 AD. Caesar Augustus was known as one of Rome's greatest rulers. He was a hero to the people after the war of Actium. Augustus accepted his throne after the people offered him absolute power. Wanted to restore Rome to its former glories. Expanded the empire and added Egypt to their empire. -
40
Gospels Begin to be Written
The Gospels were the "good news" concerning Jesus. They were from the New Testament, 2nd part of the Christian Bible. The Gospels gave a record of Jesus life and teachings. Churches have been established in Rome. Those churches used the gospels in the Bible. -
79
The Destruction of Pompeii
In the year of 79 AD, Mt. Vesuvius erupted. The sky was black because the ash covered the sky. Over 2,000 people died. Later, when Pompeii was being uncovered, the whole city was still intact covered by the ash. The volcano had exploded at least 50 times before this. -
80
Roman Colosseum Opens
The Roman Colosseum had 3 floors in it. It had 80 entrances into the Colosseum. They hosted gladiator shows there. The Colosseum hosted 93 games a year there. There were also dramas that were held there. -
305
Diocletian
Diocletian 284-305. Diocletian divided Rome into 4 units, each had own ruler. Diocletian's military power enabled him to claim higher status. He also had ultimate authority. His policies got expanded in the later years. He enlarged and strengthened the administrative bureaucracies of the Roman Empire. -
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313
Constantine the 1st Christian Emperor
Constantine provided impulse for Christian Culture. Constantine was the Western Roman Emperor, he shared the East with Maximinus. Constantine invaded Italy in a battle against Maxentius and won. Constantine had an arch built in his honor. He had a statue built of him also. -
476
Fall of the Roman Empire
Romulus Augustus deposed by germanic head of army, that started the fall of the Roman Empire. Christianity's emphasis on a spiritual kingdom weakened the Roman military virtues. A plague had wiped out one-tenth of the population. Rome wasn't able to put together a workable political system. The Roman Empire could also not withstand the invaders that were coming in.
