-
650 BCE
Etruscans Rule Rome
The Etruscans heavily influenced Rome in its early development. They were originally located north of Rome in a place called Etruria. After 650 BC, the Etruscans expanded and came to control most of Rome and a bit of Italy. The Etruscans turned Rome from a village to a city, and they brought their culture as well- like the toga and short cloak, and their military/army organization. Additionally, many of the future rulers of Rome were Etruscan. -
450 BCE
12 Tables/Law Of Nations
The Twelve Tables was Rome's first code of laws. This code was a product of a simple farming society-providing the foundation for Roman laws. Of course, eventually these proved inadequate, so those rules eventually gave way to the Law Of Nations. To the Romans, this was natural and universal law, and gave justice to all people. Examples were: a person was innocent until otherwise proven, people accused of a crime were allowed defense in front of a judge, judge weighed evidence, etc. -
264 BCE
1st Punic War
The 1st Punic War began when the Romans sent an army to Sicily. Carthage's thought this to be an act of war, so both groups decided to conquer Sicily. This war caused the Romans to create a Navy. The Roman navy defeated Carthage & the war ended. Carthage vowed revenge, & Rome encouraged Carthage's allies to revolt against them, thus leading to 2nd Punic War.Etruscan.http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/the-fall-of-rome# -
218 BCE
2nd Punic War
The Carthaginians decided to begin the 2nd Punic War in Rome. Hannibal crossed the alps & lost a large portion of his army. They fought at Cannae & the Romans lost 40,000 men, but they refused to surrender. The Romans brought in another army. They began attacking & conquering cities taken by Hannibal. The attacked Spain, thus forcing the Carthaginians out. -
149 BCE
3rd Punic War
Many leaders of Rome were supporting an attack on Carthage. After Carthage made an aggressive move toward Numidia, they all agreed upon the need to attack. Roman soldiers burned & destroyed Carthage for 10 days. All citizens were sold into slavery. Carthage then became a Roman province which they called Africa. -
73 BCE
Slave Revolts
The most famous slave revolt was led by the gladiator Spartacus. The revolt took place in southern Italy and involved 70 thousand slaves. They managed to take on several Roman armies before he and 6,000 of his men died brutally in 71 BC. -
60 BCE
1st Triumvirate
The 3 members of the 1st Triumvirate were Caesar, Crassus & Pompey. Pompey had rule over Spain, Crassus commanded Syria and Caesar had military command in what is modern France. After Crassus was killed, the people voted for Caesar to resign, he refused. Caesar started a civil war, defeated Pompey and came into full power of Rome. Caesar became the first dictator of Rome. -
43 BCE
2nd Triumvirate
After Caesar died, 3 men formed the 2nd Triumvirate. It was formed by Octavian, Antony & Lepidus. Within a few years, Octavian & Antony took over. They disagreed often. Octavian's forces defeated Antony & Cleopatra's forces. They then fled to Egypt where they committed suicide a short time later. Octavian became supreme ruler in Rome. -
31 BCE
The Age of Augustus
Augustus was the 1st Roman Emperor (never claimed the title for himself), Augustus led the transformation from republic to empire. Augustus was adopted by Caesar. After Caesar died Augustus took over. he was 1st emperor to restore peace & security -
9 BCE
Roman Literature
During the Age of Augustus, classic literature entered a golden age. Virgil's Aeneid, Horace's Satires, and Livy's History Of Rome all influenced the Roman culture. The Aeneid taught the ideal Roman virtues: duty, piety, and faithfulness. Satires attacked job dissatisfaction, greed, and mostly laughed at the weakness of humans. History Of Rome was the foundation of morality and study of Rome, but not all of his 'facts' were accurate. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gbPH1I5fKM -
40
The Gospels begin to be Written
The Gospels are Matthew Mark Luke and John. 3 stages on how the Gospel got written 1)Ministry of Jesus 2)Post-resurrectional preaching of the Gospel 3)Writing of the Gospels by the Evangelist. Before the revolt a jewish prophet named jesus traveled/preached throughout Judea & neighboring galilee. Jesus' mission was to complete the salvation that God had promised to Israel throughout its history. Jesus went on his way picked up 12 apostles. 4 of them started writing the miracles Jesus has done -
80
Roman Colosseum Opens
Vespasian's son Titus opened to colosseum-officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater-with 100 days of games, including gladiatorial combats & wild animal fights. After four centuries of active use, the magnificent arena fell to neglect, and up until the 18th century it was used as a source of building materials. 2/3 of the original colosseum has been destroyed overtime, the amphitheater remains a popular tourist destination! -
313
Constantine the 1st Christian Emperor
Constantine was the1st Roman Emperor to profess Christianity. He not only initiated the evolution of the empire into a christian state but also provided the impulse of distinctively christian culture that prepared the way for growth of Byzantine & Western medieval culture after the defeat of Maxentius. Constantine met Licinius at Mediolsnum to have meetings AKA Edict of Milan, which extended toleration to the Christians restored any personal corporate property that had been taken in persecution -
476
The Fall of Roman Empire
In the late forth century, western Rome Empire crumbled after a nearly 500 year run as the world greatest superpower. There are different factors blamed for the fall;military failures & crippling taxation to natural disasters and even climate change, but there were also an invading army. The army was waiting on the outskirts of Rome to totally undefeated. The visigoths burned & pillaged their way through the city. this continued for 3 days. The city of Rome was in someone else's hands.
