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Accurately measured the circumference of the Earth. It is important for navigation.
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He was a believe that the Earth was the center of the Universe. Although this theory was completely incorrect he was the father of astronomy and paved the way for others to discover.
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Inventor of the theory that the Sun was the center of the Universe. Before this, people believed that the Earth was the center. This discover made astronomical discoveries for future astronomers easier and it gave us a better understanding of the way palettes orbit.
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Discovered a new star in the constellation Cassiopeia. Ended up being a supernova. This was an important discovery because it turned Brache towards science leading to more astronomical discoveries.
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Defined the laws for planetary motion. He defended the theory that planets did orbit in a circular motion. His only extra idea was that they may not spin in a perfect circle.
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Newton discovered the theory of gravitation which led to the three laws of motion. These ideas are what created modern physics and what it is based on.
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Developed the Theory of Relativity. This theory lead physics in a brand new direction.