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A living coelacanth was found off the coast of southern Africa.
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Donald Griffin and Robert Galambos announced their discovery of echolocation by bats.
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Max Delbruck and Salvador Luria demonstrated that bacterial resistance to virus infection is caused by random mutation and not adaptive change.
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Oswald Avery shows that DNA carried the hereditary information in pneumococcus bacteria.
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Robert Burns Woodward and William von Eggers Doering synthesized quinine.
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Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin discovered the three-dimensional structure of penicillin.
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Erwin Chargaff showed that in DNA the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units.
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The research group of Robert Robinson with John Cornforth (Oxford University) publishes their synthesis of cholesterol, while Robert Woodward (Harvard University) publishes his synthesis of cortisone.
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Fred Sanger, Hans Tuppy, and Ted Thompson completed their chromatographic analysis of the insulin amino acid sequence.
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American developmental biologists Robert Briggs and Thomas King cloned the first vertebrate by transplanting nuclei from leopard frogs embryos into enucleated eggs. More differentiated cells were the less able they are to direct development in the enuclea
