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Period: 1550 to
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. -
Period: 1550 to
Enlightenment
European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent in the West and that instigated revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics. Central to Enlightenment thought were the use and celebration of reason, the power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own condition. The goals of rational humanity were considered to be knowledge -
Period: to
Enlightenment Absolutism
Enlightened absolutism, emerged in the later eighteenth century. In this system, rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers. -
Glorious Revolution
King James the II was a Catholic tyrant who spent money without the Parliament's permission. Parliament had no power.In January 1689, Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary (James II daughter). William and Mary accepted it, along with a Bill of Rights,The Bill of Rights set for Parliament’s:Right to make laws and to levy taxes. Armies could be raised only with Parliament's consent. Rights of citizens to keep arms and to have a jury trial
They also created the Toleration Act. -
Period: to
Seven Years War
France, Austria, and Russia vs. Great Britain and Prussia
The war arose out of the attempt of the Austrian Habsburgs to win back the rich province of Silesia
It also involved overseas colonial struggles between Great Britain and France, two traditional rivals struggling for control of North America (the French and Indian War 1754–63) and India. -
Stamp Act
Britain Parliament's desire for revenue to offset the costs of the Seven Years' War.
Parliament imposed the Stamp Act on the colonies in 1765.
British believed this revenue would also pay for the expenses of maintaining the army to protect the colonies.
Colonial opposition was strong.
Boston Tea Party
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act a year later but cause of the dispute was not resolved
Causes of American Revolution -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773 in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor. The event was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists. It showed Great Britain that Americans wouldn’t take taxation and tyranny sitting down. -
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress: In response to British actions, the colonies organized the First Continental Congress in 1774. Its members urged colonists to form militias -
Second Continental Congress
A Second Continental Congress created the Continental Army. George Washington was its commander. The Second Continental Congress was the governing body of the American colonies from 1775 to 1781. It was founded when the British failed to address the grievances of the First Continental Congress and to organize a Continental Army to fight. -
Period: to
American Independence
The ideas of the Enlightenment clearly made an impact on the colonies in North America. In response to unfair taxation and other issues, the colonists revolted against British rule, formed their own army, and declared their independence. Many Europeans saw the American Revolution as the embodiment of the Enlightenment's political dreams. -
USA Declaration of independence
The Declaration of Independence: On July 4, 1776, the colonies declare independence from Britain. Drawing on the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of Independence -
Treaty of Paris
France became the key American ally
Spanish and Dutch enter the war
The British surrendered to American and French forces in 1781, ending the war.
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 recognized American independence.
