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French and Indian War (Continued)
How did this event lead to the revolution?
-King of England blamed the eight million dollars worth of debt on the colonists and set off a series of taxes by England that would force the debt from war. Not only would it create taxes, but stricter enforcement of laws for the colonists, such as the lack of access to the trade routes and the OHR. He created the Proclamation Line to restrict western expansion -
French and Indian War (AKA- The Seven Years War)
-began the tension between the colonists and the British
-certain Native tribes teamed up with the French
-war began over land, the alliances they had, and control of the N.A trade routes
-British won the Battle of Quebec, Montreal, Seizure of Fort Detroit, and went fort by fort to gain control of the Great Lakes and secure Iroquois Alliance
-British won the war and became in debt after loaning eight million dollars towards paying soldiers, equipment for battle, shelter, and food -
Treaty of Paris and the Proclamation Line
-Treaty of Paris declared end of French and Indian War
-Split the land up, French didn't want British to be more powerful than they already were
-Spain got west of the Mississippi River, Britain got land east of the River
-After treaty was signed, England enforced stricter laws on just how much of the land they had won could be used
-Proclamation Line was implemented to force the colonists to stay within states so they could not expand land or create more economic success than England -
Treaty of Paris and Proclamation Line (Continued)
-The line was created down the Appalachian Mountains.
-ended salutary neglect and began to restrict the colonists from not getting involved in trade routes or other business, like the Ohio River Valley for the fur trades.
-These newly implemented restrictions caused for a small, but noticeable anger within the states. The Proclamation Line, along with the strict enforcements that followed would start a string of taxes, like the Sugar/ Quartering act, and rebellions -
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Taxes Placed on the States (Acts)
- “subtly” put taxes on common goods -Sugar Act tax on sugar -Writs of Assistance- allow British to search property w/o warrant -Stamp Act, tax printed goods: direct tax; not paid w/ item *caused Non-Importation Agreement, Stamp Act Congress, Liberty groups boycotted British goods -resulted in aggression to boycott: tarring/feathering, attacking soldiers, smuggling, not pay taxes -Townshend Act- paint, glass, tea; money for soldiers in America -Quartering Act had colonists house/feed soldiers
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Taxes Placed on States (Continued)
Every time the King added a tax, the Americans would find a way to boycott it, which resulted in the repealing of one act and creation of another. The many taxes only added to the built tension and created harsher taxes and punishments from England. Leads to revolution from the constant rebelling against England made Americans realize what rights they felt they had and deserved, and how they were being violated. Rebellious behaviors later affected them in the Boston Massacre- five killed -
Boston Massacre
-someone shouted 'fire' into a crowd of colonists, five killed
-colonists boycotted violently to resist taxes
-because the acts were forcing the colonists to pay taxes and house/feed soldiers that were there to force them to follow rules, the colonists were killed due to rebellious and violent behavior towards the Englishmen. put soldiers in favor. this breaking tension led to a few years of no taxes, letting tension die down before the tea party and intolerable acts (unfair trials, close ports) -
Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party
-tea tax
-British East India Co. almost bankrupt from the Dutch/poor investments
-monopolies
-Sons of Liberty gather discuss Non-Importation Agreement and the intake of tea from British co. in their harbor
-Boston Tea Party; $1-3 million worth of tea is dumped into the ocean
-King angry, act of rebellion as a threat to British rule
-Tea Party leads to the Intolerable Acts, restrict the colonists from business and any sort of rebellion; isolate rebel leaders. prevent more damage to relationship -
1st Continental Congress
-led to 2nd congress and olive branch petition
-discussed what their rights were and how they should protect them
-created the Committee of Correspondence, enforce boycotts/Non-Importation Agreement
-blacklisted loyalists, inspect custom houses
-almost all colonies had committee
-The First Congress created to plot revenge against England for taxation, engage more Americans for freedom
-Paine's book "Common Sense" helped lead to the desire for freedom and how beneficial it would be to them -
Intolerable Acts
-King’s reaction to Tea Party, was infuriated
-wanted to “reduce colonies to a state of dependence”
-affected the whole, not just those directly involved in rebellions (Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Henry, Lee, etc)
-the king sent thousands of troops over, 1:1 ratio
-2nd Quartering Act had to have a soldier
-large decrease in business= loss of money
-strict enforcement: General Gage is elected by the king to be MA Gov. To arrest rebels, watch over troops.
-destroyed previous self-gov. ideals -
Intolerable Acts (Continued)
Reversing their hundreds of years of self-government, advancement in economic/ societal prosperity. it caused a desire for change to rise, which led to the 1st Congress. would steer hatred toward revenge, but also an outcome they wanted instead of letting England destroy their economic and societal prosperity.
-merchants refused to join boycotts, needed family/home stable
-other colonies unsure whether they should help... “if the king was capable of doing it to Boston it could happen to us” -
Olive Branch Petition
-John Dickinson wrote petition to send to King
-asked for ceasefire in Boston, repeal acts and define the rights he gives to colonists
-believed in non-violent ways of agreement (pacifist); if peace was going to happen between King and America, they needed to seem innocent and take the blame for debt, rebellions
-King sees the petition as a joke and believes that the states are in a "state of rebellion"
-Radicals vs. Moderates in Congress
-colonies finally begin to collaborate against the King -
Lexington and Concord
-Boston relied on smaller cities in Mass to hide ammo and weapons -strict reinforcements from England in the city
-hid most everything in L+C
-King heard about secret militia forming in Mass, so he made a goal to raid the cities to gather the leaders and munitions
-G.B not secretive about raid, Paul Revere, and William Dawes "redcoats are coming" message spreads to hide ammo and weapons
-american militias destroy British in battle, and they find nothing
-led to 2nd Congress to form DOI and OBP -
Olive Branch Petition (Continued)
Since the King saw the petition as a joke, it begins the movement towards the Revolutionary War. This peaceful petition, although it failed, caused the Americans and the King to finally begin fighting over who has superiority over the Americans and their land- the Americans themselves or the King. After this petition failed, the tension broke, and Jefferson and Adams worked with the Second Continental Congressmen to write the Declaration of Independence, to write about the desire for freedom -
Lexington and Concord (Continued)
-The British "randomly" invading the Americans for an assumption of having war equipment could be used against them later on in the Olive Branch, asking for clarification on their rights and stop the taxing, then the Declaration, stating how they killed innocent men and destroyed our property only to find nothing. Not only did this boost the American's morale about winning a future battle, but made the British look abusive. -
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2nd Continental Congress
-had to find a way to get everyone to believe in independence
-radicals vs moderates
-worked to make England understand that they want independence to have their own country/gov.
-had an unorganized army and undefined rights
-Adams vs Dickinson; reconciliation or independence?
-Battle of Bunker Hill; British tried to gain control of the land again after L+C
-Adam's had a plan to organize gov., define the Congress, gather Foreign aid for war, the Declaration and state motto 'Join or Die' -
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2nd Continental Congress (Continued)
They gathered once again to decide, once and for all, if they wanted to have America be their own independent country or if they wanted to remain loyal to England. Because they chose independence, the war had finally begun, broke the tension between the two sides, and led to the writing of the Olive Brand and Declaration, which asked for independence and clarification for the lives of colonists. -
Declaration of Independence
-Written by Jefferson + Adams after the Olive Branch
-listed 27 reasons how the King abused them/why they want to separate
-put the blame on the King, but reasoned (in peace, friends, in war, enemies)
-beginning of the revolution. All previous turmoil was finally being released, and the Americans were willing to fight to the death for next generations and personal freedom. The Declaration was their way of final warning to england before fight- believed they had the power after winning L+C