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The Declaration reflects several ideas of John Locke: Government's duty to protect the people's natural rights. People have the right "to alter or abolish" unjust governments. Popular sovereignty, which states that all government power comes from people.
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They saw the government in terms of a social contract in which "we the people of the United States' entered. There was also a separation of powers among the judicial, legislative and executive branches; a concept borrowed from Montesquieu.