-
Period: to
Chapter 27 & 28
-
Period: to
Progressive Era
Major reform time. Reformers were middle class citizens and immigrants that felt that they were being pressured from all sides and had little wiggle room. They were most concerned with social issues like women's suffrage, better working conditions/hours/wages, and the like. -
McKinley Tarrif and the Annexation of Hawaii
The tarrif raised taxes on imports on sugar, especially from Hawaii. The efforts to negate the tarrif led to the start of talking about annexing Hawaii. -
Cuba Revolts Against the Spanish
The Cuban citizens decided to try to gain independence from Spain through a Revolutionary War. They were successful with support from the United States in the form of technology and supplies. -
The Explosion of the Maine
The U.S. Naval ship, Maine, mysteriously exploded in the Havana Harbor. United States authorities had suspicions that it was the Spanish, but nothing was ever confirmed. Still, tensions grew between Spain and the U.S. -
McKinley Declares War on Spain
After lasting tensions with the Spanish, unhappiness in the general public finally resulted in McKinley declaring war. -
Dewey's Attack on the Harbor of Manila
Commodor George Dewey, of the U.S. Navy, sailed with a fleet of ships from Hong Kong to the Spanish harbor in the Phillipines. His fleet attacked ten Spanish ships, detroying them all, without taking a single casualty. This was a major victory for the U.S. in the early parts of the war. -
The U.S. Takes Fort Manila
After Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Manila Harbor, he was halted by the soldiers inside the fort. In August, reinforcements came in from the U.S. and took the fort. -
Spain Signs Armistice to End the War
After several crushing defeats, the Spanish were forced into submission by the United States Army. This Officially ended the war. -
Hawaii Officially Annexed
Hawaii was officially annexed and became a United State. This gave citizenship to all residents in Hawaii and allowed goods to be shipped from Hawaii without having to pay tax. -
Italy and New Orleans
Tensions rose in between the United States and Italy after an incident where eleven Italians were lynched in New Orleans. -
Robert La Follette Gov. of Wisconsin
noted for his support of reform legislation -
Beginning of Muckraker Movement
Muckrakers were mudslinging magazine dirt-diggers whose sole job was to dig up dirt on Uncle Sam or fat cats and their big corporations. -
Newlands Act
Federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of the west. Made previously pointless land viable for agriculture and living. -
Anthracite Coal Strike
Miners demanded 9 hour work days and a 20% pay increase, but their boss refused to negotiate, and eventually Roosevelt had to threaten the owners with federal troops. Thanks to Roosevelt's participation, a settlement was reached by winter -
Department of Commerce and Labor established
Its purpose was to investigate and report upon the upon the operations of corporations engaged in interstate commerce. Part of the progressive era reform movements that were anti-corruption and anti-big business. -
Elkins Act
This legislation ended the common practice of railroads granting rebates to big customers like oil and livestock companies. -
Nothern Securities case
As a part of his “trust-busting” efforts to break up big monopolies, President Roosevelt ordered the Dept. of Justice to take the Northern Securities Company to court for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. The NSC was a trust set up by JP Morgan and James Hill. The Supreme Court ordered the Northern Securities Company to be dissolved. -
Roosevelt wins presidency
Landslide victory over Alton B Parker. Roosevelt administration became known for it’s recommendations for expansion of federal and executive powers, it’s attention to the beginnings of the natural conservation movement, and belief that a strong defense was the best way to deter wars. -
Meat Inspection Act
After “The Jungle” was published, everyone was repulsed by the meat industry, so this legislation was passed to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat from being sold as food and ensure that meat and meat products were processed under sanitary conditions. -
Lochner v New York
Supreme Court ruled that a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional. States cannot interfere with most employment contracts because the right to buy and sell labor is a protected by the 14th Amendment. It led to the abrogation of several progressive era and Great Depression laws regulating working conditions. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
A result of muckraking attacks on the food industry, this act was passed to protect the public from contamination of food and products identified as healthful without scientific support. -
Hepburn Act
This was the federal law that let the ICC set maximum railroad rates and extend its jurisdiction. Resulted in the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers. -
"Roosevelt Panic"
This was a short economic downturn that was entirely blamed on Roosevelt because od the way he altered the economy with his antitrust legislation as soon as he came into office -
The Death of Grover Cleveland
On June 24, 1908,Cleveland, who was still in office, finally lost a long battle with cancer. -
Model T Ford
The first mass-produced American automobile came out. It was an indicator of technological advancement and a prospering economy. -
Ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment
Established the direct election of US senators as a result of the progressive era's reform movement. -
Puerto Rico Given U.S. Citizenship
The residents of Puerto Rico were given full citizenship of the Untied States and promised protection from the U.S. Army -
Period: to
Red Scare/Racial Tensions
As the progressive spirit waned in America after the First World War, isolationist attitudes were revived, and "normalcy" (Americans looking inwards to national culture rather than out to foreign matters) developed into a brutal blame game. Thousands of suspected radicals were jailed or deported and anti-immigrant passions flared. Racial riots scorched many northern citiesin the summer of 1919, and saw the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. -
Migration to cities/Immigration increases
By 1920, the majority of Americans were living in cities. A huge wave of immigrants were changing the face of the nation, particularly in cities. -
Nineteenth Amendment Gives Women the Right to Vote
At the peak of the progressive era with reformers pushing for women's rights, women gained the right to vote. Reformers were convinced that women would bring greater morality to politics.
