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Settlement of Jamestown
Jamestown
-The first english settlement in the western hemisphere.
-Chatered by the Virginia Company to revenge the failure of Roanoke and to find gold. -
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Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect
-An unofficial policy where America was owend by Britain, but not directly run by it.
-Enacted by Prime Miniter Robert Walpole
-Ended due to conflict from the Revolutionary War
-The low control and supervision of Britain allowed America to plan and be influenced to gian independence -
Tobacco + Headright System
-John Rolfe planted tobacco as many of the indians did. The crop quickly grew and supplemented the town and supplied Britain.
-Much of Britain didnt appreciate tobacco, but the Virginia Company still waited for a profit.
-The VC still made no profit, so they implemented the headright system to attract settlers and increase tobacco
-The headright system gave each settler a piece of land for them to keep and cultivate tobacco. -
Pilgrams + Puritans
Puritans
-Plymoth Rock founded
-Because Plymoth was outside of the Virgina Company's boundaries, the Mayflower Compact was signed to establish a government.
-These people fleed Britian for religious freedom but had no tolerance for other religion
-Many communities were founded and developed due to their strong work ethic and tie to religion
-John Winthrop came to America to establish the ideal christian community called "City on a Hill"
+It was the city looked upon by for future puritan settlers -
Start of Mercnatilism
Mercantalisim
-The idea that merchant capitalism benefited the entire country
+Increase exports and limit imports
-Dominated much of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries
-The establishment of american colonies enhanced this idea -
Halfway Covenant
Halfway Covenant
-New generations in ameriacan communities began to grow apart from the church.
-The solution was the Halfway Covenant, which allowed partial church membership by being able to be baptized into a religion at any age.
-Strict rquierments of religion were lifted in order to allow more political participation and interest to join the religion. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion
-Nathaniel Bacon moved to inland Virginia, but arrived with political conflict.
-He disagreed on most things, especially indian treatment, with the tidewater reigion, and they kept Bacon out of the governers inner circle.
-In response, he and other settlers attacked indians who had raided plantations.
-He then marched towards Jamestown and his rivals, forcing the indians to sign a treaty and increase white land. -
Great Awakening
1st Great Awakening
-Mainly revived the christian religion in the colonies
-It introduced personal involment, rather than stritc doctine, into religions
-It majorly changed congregational church and brought christianity to many African Americans -
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French and Indian War
French and Indian War
-Also known as the Seven Years War
-Mainly between Britain and France, but it engulfed the colonies
-Fighting began when militiamen led by George Washington attcked a fench patrol
-The war essentially when Britain took control of Montreal.
-The outcome caused France to leave the colonies, Britain to reshift its focus, and more indians to be killed and hated. -
Proclamation of 1763
Proclamation of 1773
-Imaginary line prevnting westward expansion past the Appalachian Mountains
-Allowed Britian to control the colonies in one area.
-Avoided indian conflict
-Americans defied the British and proceeded over the line anyhow
-Put into affect after the French-Indian War -
Suagr Act
-Placed a tax on sugar and other luxuries to raise money for Britain
-Caused roits and hatred towards Britain in America
-Smuggling was tried to be prevented, but it only increased -
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Revenue Acts
-Used to limit and tax american colonies for Britains gain
-Sparked the Revlutionary War -
Stamp Act
Stamp Act
-A revenue tax from Britain placed on all printed materials
-Required that an official stamp from england had to be put on in order to denouce the product legal
-It was the first direct tax
-The Stamp Act congress was formed in response, along with the Sons of Liberty -
Quartering Act
-Supported British troops in America
-Required colonists to shelter and care for British troops
-Increased number of protests in America -
Townshend Act
Townshend Act-Revenue act passed by Britain allowing searches for smugglers to be conducted without a seisure
-Also taxed tea, glass, paper, and many basic household materials
-Tax only imposed on merchants
-More rebellion influced from the act -
Tea Act
Boston Tea Party-Due to the embargo placed on Britain, Britain lowered the prices of their tea exports
-Americans still refused to buy the tea
-Boston Tea Party occured -
Quebec Act
-Made Roman Catholicism the official religion, which colonists rejected
-Extnded the territory of Quebec, limiting American growth
-Set up a British government without representation
-Colonists saw this as a direct attack on the colonists -
Intolerable Act
1st Continental Congress-Enaced to punish Bostonians by:
+Closing the port
+Decreasing legislative power
+Expanding Quartering Act
+Trying British officialsin Britain
-Colonists formed the First Continental Congress -
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Revolutionary War
French goal in the war-Originally between America and Britain, the war slowly engulfed much of Europe
-France was Americas most useful ally
-France gave money, more troops, and a navy to the new country
+America lacked most of these due to the fact it had just become soveriegn
-France was passionate about fighting and getting revenge from the French and Indian War agaisnt Britain
-America won and owed large debts to France, which were not paid immediately -
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence
-America declared itsindependence and began the revolutionary war
-It lists what unalianable rights a citizen of the US has. -
Articles of Confederation
Shay's Rebellion
-First constitution of America, but with a multitude of problems
+No power to tax
+No federal courts
+No regulation of trade
+No executive
+No official army
-The reasons (poor economy and laws to fix it) and results (no army to defend the people) of Shay's Rebellion called for a rewrite of the articles. -
Land Ordinance of 1785
-A bill that instated how land would be laid out for expansion in the Ohio River Valley
-All future states in the area would be laid out in a square grid pattern
-It also told how public education would be funded -
Bill of Rights
-10 amendments
+Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, etc.
+Right to bear arms
+No sheltering of soldiers required
+No search/seizure without a warrant
+No double jepordy or sefl incrimination
+Rights to a criminal on trial
+Right to a trial by jury
+No cruel and unusual punisment
+Rights reserved for the people
+Rights reserved for the states -
United States Constitution
Video
US Constitution
-Provided for the failures of the Articles and survives still
+Three branch government
+Gave everything the articles didnt (see Articles of Confederation)
+Allowed the passing of legislation to be easier.
-Bill of Rights written, which explained the basic/essential rights of a citizen
-It is an amendable doctrine -
Hamalton's Financial Plan
Financial Plan-Three parts proposed
+Pay off the debt at face value and assume states debt as national government
+Create a national bank
+Collect adequate revenue and impose high tariffs
-Three parts a adopted
+National bank fomed
+Debt paid at face value
+High tariff rates
-He was appointed as secretary of the treasury to solve economic issues -
Alien and Sedition Act
Alien and Sedition Acts
-Enacted by the federal government to restrict the Democratic-Republicans
-Naturalization Act-changed five years to become a citizen to fourteen
-Alien Act-president can deport any alien deemed dangerous during war
-Sedition Act-illegal for newspapers to criticize the president -
Election of 1800
Revolution of 1800
-A.K.A the Revolution of 1800
-Peaceful Shift in power from one party to another
+No bloodshed
-Federalist party weakened
-Democratic-Republicans created
-12th Amendment ratified
-Jefferson elected over Burr -
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison
-Supreme Court case that established judicial review
-Put under the 3rd article of the constitution
-The ruling modified the Judicial Act of 1789 -
Louisiana Purchase
Video
Louisiana Purchase
-Bought from France for $15,000,000
-Doubled the size of the US
-Nepaleon wanted to keep for an american empire but had to give up for war debt in Europe
-Jefferson thought it was unconstitutional, but went through and made a great benefit -
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War of 1812
Events of the war-Causes of the war
+Impresment
+British troops still in american forts
+British supplied natives
+The want for Canada
+Warhawk pressure
-Increased sectionalism
-America blocked most invasions
-Won with smaller navy and less money
-Battle of New Orleans created nationalism, Jackson's image, and ended the war (even though it was after the Treaty of Ghent) -
Hartford Convention
Demands
-26 Federalists decided to try to secede the northeats from the US
-They had demads of:
+A 2/3rd vote for and embargo
+More states
+Abolish the 3/5ths compromis
+Limit the president to one term
-The party then died out the end of the convention -
American System
The American System-Written by Henry Clay, it helped form American policy in the beginning of the century
-The plan proposed of
+Tariff of 1816, a protective tariff
+Chartering a second bank of the US
+Internal improvments from the federal level
-The north/east got backing from the tariffs
-The west got national roads and canals built for the region
+Cumberland road and Erie canal
-The south gained nothing and was hurt by the tariffs -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise
The state of Missouri wanted to be added, but it was debated to be a free, or slave state
-Written by Henry Clay
-Missouri was a slave state and Maine became a free state
-All new states in the Louisiana Territory would be called free or slave based on their location to the 36*30' -
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
Stated by president Monroe that the European powers are not allowed to colonize the western hemisphere
+North and South America
-America then returned to a policy of isolation
-If any country would break this ideal, the British navy would be sent upon them -
Andrew Jackson
Video
Andrew Jackson
-The best president, hands down.
-He helped expand suffrage to all white males, no matter the class
-Saw the cabability in common man
-Supported westward expansion
-Succesfully solved the Nullification Crisis, and prevented any state from seceding
-Vetoed charter for second national bank -
Indian Removal Act
Indian Removal Act-Jackson signed this law in order to negotiate with indians to move west into reservations
-The indians go to court on two occasions
+Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
=They were an independent nation and could not be controled under the US government
+Worcester v. Georgia
=Allowed indians to live on their land without US control
-The US overpowered these rulings and created the Trial of Tears in response. -
Nullification Crisis/Tariff of Abomination
Nullification Proclamation-Jackson signed the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 (Tariffs of Abomination)
-The tariffs hurt the south futhe from the american system.
+South Carolina tried to nullify the laws
-Calhoun resigned from the vice presidency to work in the senate to better the chance of nullification
-Jackson's response towards South Carolina was to send in the US Army for intimidation
+The Forced Bill was signed allowing this
-To ease conflict, Clay and Calhoun wrote the Compromise Tariff of 1833 to solve the issue -
Know-Nothing Party
Know-Nothing Party-Newly formed third party
-Natavists-anti immigrant
+Mainly Catholic and Irish
-Had republican values -
Manifest Destiny
Video
-First coined by newspaper editor, John O'Sullivan
-It is the belief that american settlers are destined to expand across the continent
+The God given right to expand
-Caused a large population increase
-Was seen by the:
+Aristook War
+Mexican-American War
+Gadsden Purchase
+California Gold Rush
-Whigs rejected the idea, along with republicans, yet not as extremely
-Democrats embraced the idea -
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Mexican-American War
Mexican American War-War caused because of unpaid claims, annexaton of Texas, and Slidell's Mission
-Slidell's Mission was a series of offers to Mexico for land (New Mexico and California), boundary changes (Rio Grande as Texas border), and apologies for past violences.
-The US pushes the Mexican Army back into modern day Mexico until Mexico City, and the war was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
-Futhered Manifest Destiny and development of the Whig party -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo-Ended the Mexican-American War
-Texas was admited into the US, along with half of Mexico
+Increased the US by 1/3 its size
-US gave Mexico $15 million for compensation from the war
-Whigs maily opposed because they opposed the war and Manifest Destiny -
Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Convention
-Elizabeth Stanton orginized the meeting for women's rights
-Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, and it stated that all women and men were created equal
-It was mainly a movement for women's suffrage
-From this, annual events were held to promote the cause
-The movement was halted during the civil war though -
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850-Written by Henry Clay
-Solved the issue of slavery in the new territories
+California will be free
+Fugitive-Slave Act streghtened
+Slave trade in DC abolished
-Helped to avoid secession and civil war -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-Repealed the Missouri Compromise
-Gave popular sovereighty to decide on slavery in new territories
+Violence quickly erupted
-Bleeding Kansas formed
+Settlers within the territories broke out into skirmishes over the issue of slavery
=Said to be the first battles of the Civil War
-John Brown began various, violent campaigns
+Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
-Act proposed by Stephen Douglas -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott v. Sanford-Supreme Court case deciding that slaves (free or not) could not be US citizens
-Also that the federal goverment had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories
-Dred Scott, a slave, was taken to the north into free territory when his master died.
-He tried to sue for freedom, but he was considered property and could not be a citizen -
Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry
John Brown's Raid
-John Brown, anti-slavery extremist, tried to have a slave revolt
+Brown had past violence concerning slavery (Pottawatomie Massacre)
-Brown and 20 men wanted to raid Harper's Ferry, one of the largest arseals, and arm slaves to revolt
-No slaves showed up and after two days Brown was captured
-The North and South saw the event as an opportunity to entice violence towards on another -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
-Major Republican president, and had the start of the Civil War
-Platform consisted of
+No extension of slavery
+Protective Tariff
+No limit of rights to immigrants
+Transcontinential Railroad and internal improvements
+Homestead Act
-Dec. 20, South Carolina seceded and the nation fell apart -
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Civil War
VideoCivil War-Between the Union/North and the Confederacy/South
-Main issue over slavery
-South was trying to defend so the north had to cut them off from resources
-The Anaconda Plan
+Capture Richmod
+Control the Mississippi river
+Naval blockade in the atlantic
+Emancipate slaves
-The North had all advantages but experience
-Antienam-Emancipation Proclamation
-Vicksburg-North gains Mississippi
-Gettysburg-North takes control
-Sharmans March-total war into Georgia
-Appomattox-end -
Emancipation Proclamtion
Emancipation Proclamation
-Executave order to free all slaves
-Acomplished one of the points the war strategy
-Meant for the rebelling states
-Around 50,000 slaves were immediately emancipated, the rest were freed after the war.
-Was issued becuase it was innevitable and the war was getting out of hand
